Management of Unstable C1 Fractures Involving the Lateral Mass: Posterior C1–C2 Screw-Rod Fixation and Fusion

BACKGROUND: Although most unstable C1 fractures can be effectively treated either by conservative treatment with external immobilization or by surgical procedure of C1-ring osteosynthesis, those fractures involving the lateral mass are likely to lead to traumatic arthritis and persistent neck pain. Specific reports of treatment of unstable C1 fractures involving the lateral mass are still scarce. We therefore present this report to evaluate the effectiveness of posterior C1–C2 screw-rod fixation and fusion for unstable C1 fractures involving the lateral mass. MATERIAL/METHODS: From June 2009 to June 2016 in our hospital, 16 cases were diagnosed with C1 fractures involving the lateral mass and treated by posterior C1–C2 screw-rod fixation and fusion. The patients’ clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative images were taken to evaluate cervical sequence, location of screws, and bone fusion. Neurological status and neck pain levels were evaluated clinically on follow-up. RESULTS: All patients underwent surgery successfully. The mean follow-up duration was 15.3±4.9 months (range 9–24 months). All patients obtained satisfying clinical outcomes with good neck pain alleviation, appropriate screw placement, and reliable bone fusion. None of the patients developed vascular or neurological complications during the operation or follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior C1–C2 screw-rod fixation and fusion is an effective management for unstable C1 fractures involving the lateral mass. This operation can provide reliable stabilization and satisfactory bone fusion.