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Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne protozoan disease, which can be fatal if left untreated. Synthetic chemical insecticides are very effective tools for controlling of insect vectors, including the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of VL in the Indian subcontinent. However, repe...

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Autores principales: Chaubey, Rahul, Shukla, Ashish, Kushwaha, Anurag Kumar, Tiwary, Puja, Kumar Singh, Shakti, Hennings, Shawna, Singh, Om Praksh, Lawyer, Phillip, Rowton, Edgar, Petersen, Christine A., Bernhardt, Scott A., Sundar, Shyam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10202287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37163529
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011276
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author Chaubey, Rahul
Shukla, Ashish
Kushwaha, Anurag Kumar
Tiwary, Puja
Kumar Singh, Shakti
Hennings, Shawna
Singh, Om Praksh
Lawyer, Phillip
Rowton, Edgar
Petersen, Christine A.
Bernhardt, Scott A.
Sundar, Shyam
author_facet Chaubey, Rahul
Shukla, Ashish
Kushwaha, Anurag Kumar
Tiwary, Puja
Kumar Singh, Shakti
Hennings, Shawna
Singh, Om Praksh
Lawyer, Phillip
Rowton, Edgar
Petersen, Christine A.
Bernhardt, Scott A.
Sundar, Shyam
author_sort Chaubey, Rahul
collection PubMed
description Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne protozoan disease, which can be fatal if left untreated. Synthetic chemical insecticides are very effective tools for controlling of insect vectors, including the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of VL in the Indian subcontinent. However, repeated use of the same insecticide with increasing doses potentially can create high selection pressure and lead to tolerance and resistance development. The objective of this study was to determine the lethal concentrations and assess levels of susceptibility, diagnostic doses and times to death of laboratory-reared P. argentipes to five insecticides that are used worldwide to control vectors. Using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay, 20–30 sand flies were exposed in insecticide- coated 500-ml glass bottles. Flies were then observed for 24 hours and mortality was recorded. Dose-response survival curves were generated for each insecticide using QCal software and lethal concentrations causing 50%, 90% and 95% mortality were determined. A bioassay was also conducted to determine diagnostic doses and diagnostic times by exposing 20–30 flies in each bottle containing set concentrations of insecticide. Mortality was recorded at 10-minute intervals for 120 minutes to generate the survival curve. Phlebotomus argentipes are highly susceptible to alpha-cypermethrin, followed by deltamethrin, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and least susceptible to DDT. Also, the lowest diagnostic doses and diagnostic times were established for alpha-cypermethrin (3μg/ml for 40 minutes) to kill 100% of the flies. The susceptibility data, diagnostic doses and diagnostic times presented here will be useful as baseline reference points for future studies to assess insecticide susceptibility and resistance monitoring of field caught sand flies and to assist in surveillance as VL elimination is achieved in the region.
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spelling pubmed-102022872023-05-23 Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay Chaubey, Rahul Shukla, Ashish Kushwaha, Anurag Kumar Tiwary, Puja Kumar Singh, Shakti Hennings, Shawna Singh, Om Praksh Lawyer, Phillip Rowton, Edgar Petersen, Christine A. Bernhardt, Scott A. Sundar, Shyam PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne protozoan disease, which can be fatal if left untreated. Synthetic chemical insecticides are very effective tools for controlling of insect vectors, including the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of VL in the Indian subcontinent. However, repeated use of the same insecticide with increasing doses potentially can create high selection pressure and lead to tolerance and resistance development. The objective of this study was to determine the lethal concentrations and assess levels of susceptibility, diagnostic doses and times to death of laboratory-reared P. argentipes to five insecticides that are used worldwide to control vectors. Using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay, 20–30 sand flies were exposed in insecticide- coated 500-ml glass bottles. Flies were then observed for 24 hours and mortality was recorded. Dose-response survival curves were generated for each insecticide using QCal software and lethal concentrations causing 50%, 90% and 95% mortality were determined. A bioassay was also conducted to determine diagnostic doses and diagnostic times by exposing 20–30 flies in each bottle containing set concentrations of insecticide. Mortality was recorded at 10-minute intervals for 120 minutes to generate the survival curve. Phlebotomus argentipes are highly susceptible to alpha-cypermethrin, followed by deltamethrin, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and least susceptible to DDT. Also, the lowest diagnostic doses and diagnostic times were established for alpha-cypermethrin (3μg/ml for 40 minutes) to kill 100% of the flies. The susceptibility data, diagnostic doses and diagnostic times presented here will be useful as baseline reference points for future studies to assess insecticide susceptibility and resistance monitoring of field caught sand flies and to assist in surveillance as VL elimination is achieved in the region. Public Library of Science 2023-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10202287/ /pubmed/37163529 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011276 Text en © 2023 Chaubey et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Chaubey, Rahul
Shukla, Ashish
Kushwaha, Anurag Kumar
Tiwary, Puja
Kumar Singh, Shakti
Hennings, Shawna
Singh, Om Praksh
Lawyer, Phillip
Rowton, Edgar
Petersen, Christine A.
Bernhardt, Scott A.
Sundar, Shyam
Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
title Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
title_full Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
title_fullStr Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
title_full_unstemmed Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
title_short Assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in India, using the CDC bottle bioassay
title_sort assessing insecticide susceptibility, diagnostic dose and time for the sand fly phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in india, using the cdc bottle bioassay
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10202287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37163529
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011276
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