Effect of Retrofit Design Modifications on the Macroturbulence of a Three-Phase Flotation Tank—Flow Characterization Using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT)

[Image: see text] Turbulence in stirred tank flotation tanks impacts the bulk transport of particles and has an important role in particle–bubble collisions. These collisions are necessary for attachment, which is the main physicochemical mechanism enabling the separation of valuable minerals from ore in froth flotation. Modifications to the turbulence profile in a flotation tank, therefore, can result in improvements in flotation performance. This work characterized the effect of two retrofit design modifications, a stator system and a horizontal baffle, on the particle dynamics of a laboratory-scale flotation tank. The flow profiles, residence time distributions, and macroturbulent kinetic energy distributions were derived from positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) measurements of tracer particles representing valuable (hydrophobic) mineral particles in flotation. The results show that the use of both retrofit design modifications together improves recovery by increasing the rise velocity of valuable particles and decreasing turbulent kinetic energy in the quiescent zone and at the pulp–froth interface.