Changes in blood flow vortices inside the left ventricle in COVID-19 patients with intraventricular clot despite a normal coronary and myocardial motion

PURPOSE: Our clinical observations showed clot formations in different regions of the left ventricle of the heart in some COVID-19 patients with normal myocardial motion and coronary artery. The aim of this study was to examine the changes caused by COVID-19 disease on blood flow inside the heart as a possible etiology of intracardiac clot formation. METHODS: In a synergic convergence of mathematics, computer science, and cardio-vascular medicine, we evaluated patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 without cardiac symptoms who underwent two-dimensional echocardiography. Patients with normal myocardial motions on echocardiography, normal coronary findings on noninvasive cardio-vascular diagnostic tests, and normal cardiac biochemical examinations but who presented with a clot in their left ventricle were included. To display the velocity vectors of the blood in the left ventricle, motion and deformation echocardiographic data were imported into MATLAB software. RESULTS: Analysis and output of the MATLAB program indicted anomalous blood flow vortices inside the left ventricular cavity, indicating irregular flow and turbulence of the blood inside the left ventricle in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that in some COVID-19 patients, cardiac wall motion is not satisfactorily able to circulate the blood fluid in normal directions and that, despite normal myocardium, changes in the directions of blood flow inside the left ventricle might lead to clots in different zones. This phenomenon may be related to changes in blood properties, such as viscosity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12574-023-00603-1.