Effects of switching from liraglutide to semaglutide or dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have examined the effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist switching, particularly in Japanese patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of switching from liraglutide to semaglutide or dulaglutide on blood glucose, body weight, and the occurrence of adverse effects in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an open‐label, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group controlled trial. Patients with type 2 diabetes treated with liraglutide (0.6 or 0.9 mg) at Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital in Japan were recruited from September 2020 to March 2022 and, after obtaining informed consent, randomly assigned to the semaglutide or dulaglutide group (1:1). Changes in the glycated hemoglobin level from baseline to weeks 8, 16, and 26 were evaluated post‐treatment. RESULTS: Initially, 32 participants were enrolled, of whom 30 completed the study. Glycemic control was significantly better in the semaglutide group than in the dulaglutide group (−0.42 ± 0.49% vs −0.00 ± 0.34%, P = 0.0120). Body weight significantly decreased in the semaglutide group (−2.6 ± 3.6 kg, P = 0.0153), whereas no change was observed in the dulaglutide group (−0.1 ± 2.7 kg, P = 0.8432). We found a significant difference in body weight between the groups (P = 0.0469). The proportion of participants who reported adverse events was 75.0% and 18.8% in the semaglutide and dulaglutide groups, respectively. One patient in the semaglutide group had difficulty continuing treatment due to severe vomiting and weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: Switching from once‐daily liraglutide to once‐weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg significantly improved glycemic control and body weight compared with switching to once‐weekly dulaglutide 0.75 mg.