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The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health
Fear of crime is an important public health problem that impacts people’s quality of life, health, and wellbeing, and causes mental health ailments (e.g., anxiety). This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37218875 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia4020016 |
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author | Macassa, Gloria McGrath, Cormac Wijk, Katarina Rashid, Mamunur Hiswåls, Anne-Sofie Soares, Joaquim |
author_facet | Macassa, Gloria McGrath, Cormac Wijk, Katarina Rashid, Mamunur Hiswåls, Anne-Sofie Soares, Joaquim |
author_sort | Macassa, Gloria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Fear of crime is an important public health problem that impacts people’s quality of life, health, and wellbeing, and causes mental health ailments (e.g., anxiety). This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety among women residing in a county in east-central Sweden. A sample (n = 3002) of women aged 18–84 years surveyed in the Health on Equal Terms survey carried out in 2018 was included in the study. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the composite variables fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety. Women with primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had increased odds of poor health (odds ratio (OR) 3.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40–4.18) compared with women with primary education/similar and no fear of crime (OR 2.90; CI 1.90–3.20). A statistically significant relationship persisted in the multivariate analysis after controlling for other covariates, although the odds were reduced (OR 1.70; CI 1.14–2.53 and 1.73; CI 1.21–2.48, respectively). Similarly, in the bivariate analysis, women who reported fear of crime and who only had primary education had statistically significant odds of anxiety (OR 2.12; CI 1.64–2.74); the significance was removed, and the odds were reduced (OR 1.30; CI 0.93–1.82) after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates. Women with only primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had higher odds of poor health and anxiety compared with those with university education or similar, with and without fear of crime. Future studies (including longitudinal ones) are warranted—on the one hand, to understand possible mechanisms of the relationship between educational attainment and fear of crime and its consequences to health, and on the other, to explore low-educated women’s own perceptions regarding factors underlining their fear of crime (qualitative studies). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10204357 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102043572023-05-24 The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health Macassa, Gloria McGrath, Cormac Wijk, Katarina Rashid, Mamunur Hiswåls, Anne-Sofie Soares, Joaquim Epidemiologia (Basel) Article Fear of crime is an important public health problem that impacts people’s quality of life, health, and wellbeing, and causes mental health ailments (e.g., anxiety). This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety among women residing in a county in east-central Sweden. A sample (n = 3002) of women aged 18–84 years surveyed in the Health on Equal Terms survey carried out in 2018 was included in the study. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the composite variables fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety. Women with primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had increased odds of poor health (odds ratio (OR) 3.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40–4.18) compared with women with primary education/similar and no fear of crime (OR 2.90; CI 1.90–3.20). A statistically significant relationship persisted in the multivariate analysis after controlling for other covariates, although the odds were reduced (OR 1.70; CI 1.14–2.53 and 1.73; CI 1.21–2.48, respectively). Similarly, in the bivariate analysis, women who reported fear of crime and who only had primary education had statistically significant odds of anxiety (OR 2.12; CI 1.64–2.74); the significance was removed, and the odds were reduced (OR 1.30; CI 0.93–1.82) after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates. Women with only primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had higher odds of poor health and anxiety compared with those with university education or similar, with and without fear of crime. Future studies (including longitudinal ones) are warranted—on the one hand, to understand possible mechanisms of the relationship between educational attainment and fear of crime and its consequences to health, and on the other, to explore low-educated women’s own perceptions regarding factors underlining their fear of crime (qualitative studies). MDPI 2023-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10204357/ /pubmed/37218875 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia4020016 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Macassa, Gloria McGrath, Cormac Wijk, Katarina Rashid, Mamunur Hiswåls, Anne-Sofie Soares, Joaquim The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health |
title | The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health |
title_full | The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health |
title_fullStr | The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health |
title_full_unstemmed | The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health |
title_short | The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health |
title_sort | association between fear of crime, educational attainment, and health |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10204357/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37218875 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia4020016 |
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