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New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues

The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body’s adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin i...

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Autores principales: Ozulumba, Tochukwu, Montalbine, Alyssa N., Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E., Pompano, Rebecca R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37234163
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286
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author Ozulumba, Tochukwu
Montalbine, Alyssa N.
Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E.
Pompano, Rebecca R.
author_facet Ozulumba, Tochukwu
Montalbine, Alyssa N.
Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E.
Pompano, Rebecca R.
author_sort Ozulumba, Tochukwu
collection PubMed
description The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body’s adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin immune responses. Investigations of lymph node biology were historically explored in vivo in animal models, using technologies that were breakthroughs in their time such as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, genetic reporters, in vivo two-photon imaging, and, more recently spatial biology techniques. However, new approaches are needed to enable tests of cell behavior and spatiotemporal dynamics under well controlled experimental perturbation, particularly for human immunity. This review presents a suite of technologies, comprising in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models, developed to study the lymph node or its components. We discuss the use of these tools to model cell behaviors in increasing order of complexity, from cell motility, to cell-cell interactions, to organ-level functions such as vaccination. Next, we identify current challenges regarding cell sourcing and culture, real time measurements of lymph node behavior in vivo and tool development for analysis and control of engineered cultures. Finally, we propose new research directions and offer our perspective on the future of this rapidly growing field. We anticipate that this review will be especially beneficial to immunologists looking to expand their toolkit for probing lymph node structure and function.
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spelling pubmed-102060512023-05-25 New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues Ozulumba, Tochukwu Montalbine, Alyssa N. Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E. Pompano, Rebecca R. Front Immunol Immunology The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body’s adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin immune responses. Investigations of lymph node biology were historically explored in vivo in animal models, using technologies that were breakthroughs in their time such as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, genetic reporters, in vivo two-photon imaging, and, more recently spatial biology techniques. However, new approaches are needed to enable tests of cell behavior and spatiotemporal dynamics under well controlled experimental perturbation, particularly for human immunity. This review presents a suite of technologies, comprising in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models, developed to study the lymph node or its components. We discuss the use of these tools to model cell behaviors in increasing order of complexity, from cell motility, to cell-cell interactions, to organ-level functions such as vaccination. Next, we identify current challenges regarding cell sourcing and culture, real time measurements of lymph node behavior in vivo and tool development for analysis and control of engineered cultures. Finally, we propose new research directions and offer our perspective on the future of this rapidly growing field. We anticipate that this review will be especially beneficial to immunologists looking to expand their toolkit for probing lymph node structure and function. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10206051/ /pubmed/37234163 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286 Text en Copyright © 2023 Ozulumba, Montalbine, Ortiz-Cárdenas and Pompano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ozulumba, Tochukwu
Montalbine, Alyssa N.
Ortiz-Cárdenas, Jennifer E.
Pompano, Rebecca R.
New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues
title New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues
title_full New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues
title_fullStr New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues
title_full_unstemmed New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues
title_short New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues
title_sort new tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206051/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37234163
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286
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