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Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45

Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a Gammaherpesvirus belonging to the Rhadinovirus genus. The bovine is BoHV-4's natural host, and the African buffalo is BoHV-4's natural reservoir. In any case, BoHV-4 infection is not associated with a specific disease. Genome structure and genes are well-...

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Autores principales: Russo, Luca, Capra, Emanuele, Franceschi, Valentina, Cavazzini, Davide, Sala, Roberto, Lazzari, Barbara, Cavirani, Sandro, Donofrio, Gaetano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37234529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171770
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author Russo, Luca
Capra, Emanuele
Franceschi, Valentina
Cavazzini, Davide
Sala, Roberto
Lazzari, Barbara
Cavirani, Sandro
Donofrio, Gaetano
author_facet Russo, Luca
Capra, Emanuele
Franceschi, Valentina
Cavazzini, Davide
Sala, Roberto
Lazzari, Barbara
Cavirani, Sandro
Donofrio, Gaetano
author_sort Russo, Luca
collection PubMed
description Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a Gammaherpesvirus belonging to the Rhadinovirus genus. The bovine is BoHV-4's natural host, and the African buffalo is BoHV-4's natural reservoir. In any case, BoHV-4 infection is not associated with a specific disease. Genome structure and genes are well-conserved in Gammaherpesvirus, and the orf 45 gene and its product, ORF45, are one of those. BoHV-4 ORF45 has been suggested to be a tegument protein; however, its structure and function have not yet been experimentally characterized. The present study shows that BoHV-4 ORF45, despite its poor homology with other characterized Rhadinovirus ORF45s, is structurally related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a phosphoprotein, and localizes in the host cell nuclei. Through the generation of an ORF45-null mutant BoHV-4 and its pararevertant, it was possible to demonstrate that ORF45 is essential for BoHV-4 lytic replication and is associated with the viral particles, as for the other characterized Rhadinovirus ORF45s. Finally, the impact of BoHV-4 ORF45 on cellular transcriptome was investigated, an aspect poorly explored or not at all for other Gammaherpesvirus. Many cellular transcriptional pathways were found to be altered, mainly those involving p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and signal-regulated kinase (ERK) complex (RSK/ERK). It was concluded that BoHV-4 ORF45 has similar characteristics to those of KSHV ORF45, and its unique and incisive impact on the cell transcriptome paves the way for further investigations.
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spelling pubmed-102060562023-05-25 Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45 Russo, Luca Capra, Emanuele Franceschi, Valentina Cavazzini, Davide Sala, Roberto Lazzari, Barbara Cavirani, Sandro Donofrio, Gaetano Front Microbiol Microbiology Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is a Gammaherpesvirus belonging to the Rhadinovirus genus. The bovine is BoHV-4's natural host, and the African buffalo is BoHV-4's natural reservoir. In any case, BoHV-4 infection is not associated with a specific disease. Genome structure and genes are well-conserved in Gammaherpesvirus, and the orf 45 gene and its product, ORF45, are one of those. BoHV-4 ORF45 has been suggested to be a tegument protein; however, its structure and function have not yet been experimentally characterized. The present study shows that BoHV-4 ORF45, despite its poor homology with other characterized Rhadinovirus ORF45s, is structurally related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is a phosphoprotein, and localizes in the host cell nuclei. Through the generation of an ORF45-null mutant BoHV-4 and its pararevertant, it was possible to demonstrate that ORF45 is essential for BoHV-4 lytic replication and is associated with the viral particles, as for the other characterized Rhadinovirus ORF45s. Finally, the impact of BoHV-4 ORF45 on cellular transcriptome was investigated, an aspect poorly explored or not at all for other Gammaherpesvirus. Many cellular transcriptional pathways were found to be altered, mainly those involving p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and signal-regulated kinase (ERK) complex (RSK/ERK). It was concluded that BoHV-4 ORF45 has similar characteristics to those of KSHV ORF45, and its unique and incisive impact on the cell transcriptome paves the way for further investigations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10206056/ /pubmed/37234529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171770 Text en Copyright © 2023 Russo, Capra, Franceschi, Cavazzini, Sala, Lazzari, Cavirani and Donofrio. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Russo, Luca
Capra, Emanuele
Franceschi, Valentina
Cavazzini, Davide
Sala, Roberto
Lazzari, Barbara
Cavirani, Sandro
Donofrio, Gaetano
Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45
title Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45
title_full Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45
title_fullStr Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45
title_short Characterization of BoHV-4 ORF45
title_sort characterization of bohv-4 orf45
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10206056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37234529
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171770
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