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Targeting the nucleotide metabolism of Trypanosoma brucei and other trypanosomatids

African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis are life-threatening diseases that together affect millions of people around the world and are caused by different members of the protozoan family Trypanosomatidae. The most studied member of the family is Trypanosoma brucei, which is spre...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Hofer, Anders
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10208901/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37156497
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuad020
Descripción
Sumario:African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis are life-threatening diseases that together affect millions of people around the world and are caused by different members of the protozoan family Trypanosomatidae. The most studied member of the family is Trypanosoma brucei, which is spread by tsetse flies and causes African sleeping sickness. Nucleotide metabolism in T. brucei and other trypanosomatids is significantly different from that of mammals and was recognized as a target for chemotherapy already in the 1970–1980s. A more thorough investigation of the nucleotide metabolism in recent years has paved the way for identifying nucleoside analogues that can cure T. brucei brain infections in animal models. Specific features of T. brucei nucleotide metabolism include the lack of de novo purine biosynthesis, the presence of very efficient purine transporters, the lack of salvage pathways for CTP synthesis, unique enzyme localizations, and a recently discovered novel pathway for dTTP synthesis. This review describes the nucleotide metabolism of T. brucei, highlights differences and similarities to other trypanosomatids, and discusses how to exploit the parasite-specific features for drug development.