Endometrial cancer in a transgender male: A rare case and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the United States. Despite the high prevalence amongst cisgender females the prevalence of this gynecological malignancy in transgender men has not been clearly identified. To date, only four reported cases have been described in the literature. CASE: A 36-year-old nulliparous assigned female at birth, transgender premenopausal male underwent a laparoscopic total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, sentinel lymph node mapping and omental biopsy after having an endometrial biopsy that demonstrated well differential endometroid adenocarcinoma. He had been on testosterone therapy for at least five years prior to presenting to his gynecologist with the chief complaint of vaginal bleeding. Final pathology showed FIGO Stage 1A endometroid endometrial carcinoma. CONCLUSION: This case report adds to the body of literature demonstrating that transgender men can develop endometrial carcinoma while on exogenous testosterone therapy. In addition, this report illustrates the importance of routine gynecological care in the transgender patient population.