Predictive factors of lymphatic metastasis and evaluation of the Japanese treatment guidelines for endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer in a high-volume center in Perú

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the predictive factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) and to evaluate the applicability of the Japanese treatment guidelines for endoscopic resection in the western population. METHODS: Five hundred-one patients with pathological diagnoses of EGC were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the predictive factors of LNM. EGC patients were distributed according to the indications for endoscopic resection of the Eastern guidelines. The incidence of LNM was evaluated in each group. RESULTS: From 501 patients with EGC, 96 (19.2%) presented LNM. In 279 patients with tumors with submucosal infiltration (T1b), 83 (30%) patients had LNM. Among 219 patients who presented tumors > 3 cm, 63 (29%) patients had LNM. Thirty-one percent of patients with ulcerated tumors presented LMN (33 out of 105). In 76 patients and 24 patients with lymphovascular and perineural invasion, the percentage of LMN was 84% and 87%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, a tumor diameter >3 cm, submucosal invasion, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion were independent predictors of LMN in EGC. No patient with differentiated, non-ulcerated mucosal tumors presented LNM regardless of tumor size. Three of 17 patients (18%) with differentiated, ulcerated mucosal tumors and ≤ 3 cm presented LNM. No LNM was evidenced in patients with undifferentiated mucosal tumors and ≤ 2 cm. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of LNM in Western EGC patients was independently related to larger tumors (>3 cm), submucosal invasion, lymphovascular and perineural invasion. The Japanese absolute indications for EMR are safe in the Western population. Likewise, Western patients with differentiated, non-ulcerated mucosal tumors, and larger than 2 cm are susceptible to endoscopic resection. Patients with undifferentiated mucosal tumors smaller than 2 cm presented encouraging results and ESD could be recommended only for selected cases.