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Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate the exchange of materials between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, playing a key role in the separation of nucleic acids and proteins into their required compartments. The static structure of the NPC is relatively well defined by recent cryo-EM and other studies....
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Portland Press Ltd.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212546/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37099395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20220494 |
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author | Cowburn, David Rout, Michael |
author_facet | Cowburn, David Rout, Michael |
author_sort | Cowburn, David |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate the exchange of materials between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, playing a key role in the separation of nucleic acids and proteins into their required compartments. The static structure of the NPC is relatively well defined by recent cryo-EM and other studies. The functional roles of dynamic components in the pore of the NPC, phenylalanyl-glycyl (FG) repeat rich nucleoporins, is less clear because of our limited understanding of highly dynamic protein systems. These proteins form a ‘restrained concentrate’ which interacts with and concentrates nuclear transport factors (NTRs) to provide facilitated nucleocytoplasmic transport of cargoes. Very rapid on- and off-rates among FG repeats and NTRs supports extremely fast facilitated transport, close to the rate of macromolecular diffusion in cytoplasm, while complexes without specific interactions are entropically excluded, though details on several aspects of the transport mechanism and FG repeat behaviors remain to be resolved. However, as discussed here, new technical approaches combined with more advanced modeling methods will likely provide an improved dynamic description of NPC transport, potentially at the atomic level in the near future. Such advances are likely to be of major benefit in comprehending the roles the malfunctioning NPC plays in cancer, ageing, viral diseases, and neurodegeneration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10212546 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Portland Press Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102125462023-05-26 Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport Cowburn, David Rout, Michael Biochem Soc Trans Review Articles Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) mediate the exchange of materials between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, playing a key role in the separation of nucleic acids and proteins into their required compartments. The static structure of the NPC is relatively well defined by recent cryo-EM and other studies. The functional roles of dynamic components in the pore of the NPC, phenylalanyl-glycyl (FG) repeat rich nucleoporins, is less clear because of our limited understanding of highly dynamic protein systems. These proteins form a ‘restrained concentrate’ which interacts with and concentrates nuclear transport factors (NTRs) to provide facilitated nucleocytoplasmic transport of cargoes. Very rapid on- and off-rates among FG repeats and NTRs supports extremely fast facilitated transport, close to the rate of macromolecular diffusion in cytoplasm, while complexes without specific interactions are entropically excluded, though details on several aspects of the transport mechanism and FG repeat behaviors remain to be resolved. However, as discussed here, new technical approaches combined with more advanced modeling methods will likely provide an improved dynamic description of NPC transport, potentially at the atomic level in the near future. Such advances are likely to be of major benefit in comprehending the roles the malfunctioning NPC plays in cancer, ageing, viral diseases, and neurodegeneration. Portland Press Ltd. 2023-04-26 2023-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10212546/ /pubmed/37099395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20220494 Text en © 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Articles Cowburn, David Rout, Michael Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport |
title | Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport |
title_full | Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport |
title_fullStr | Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport |
title_full_unstemmed | Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport |
title_short | Improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport |
title_sort | improving the hole picture: towards a consensus on the mechanism of nuclear transport |
topic | Review Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212546/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37099395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20220494 |
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