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Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review

Diagnosing pulmonary sarcoidosis raises challenges due to both the absence of a specific diagnostic criterion and the varied presentations capable of mimicking many other conditions. The aim of this review is to help non-sarcoidosis experts establish optimal differential-diagnosis strategies tailore...

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Autores principales: Valeyre, Dominique, Brauner, Michel, Bernaudin, Jean-François, Carbonnelle, Etienne, Duchemann, Boris, Rotenberg, Cécile, Berger, Ingrid, Martin, Antoine, Nunes, Hilario, Naccache, Jean-Marc, Jeny, Florence
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213276/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37250639
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1150751
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author Valeyre, Dominique
Brauner, Michel
Bernaudin, Jean-François
Carbonnelle, Etienne
Duchemann, Boris
Rotenberg, Cécile
Berger, Ingrid
Martin, Antoine
Nunes, Hilario
Naccache, Jean-Marc
Jeny, Florence
author_facet Valeyre, Dominique
Brauner, Michel
Bernaudin, Jean-François
Carbonnelle, Etienne
Duchemann, Boris
Rotenberg, Cécile
Berger, Ingrid
Martin, Antoine
Nunes, Hilario
Naccache, Jean-Marc
Jeny, Florence
author_sort Valeyre, Dominique
collection PubMed
description Diagnosing pulmonary sarcoidosis raises challenges due to both the absence of a specific diagnostic criterion and the varied presentations capable of mimicking many other conditions. The aim of this review is to help non-sarcoidosis experts establish optimal differential-diagnosis strategies tailored to each situation. Alternative granulomatous diseases that must be ruled out include infections (notably tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, and histoplasmosis), chronic beryllium disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, granulomatous talcosis, drug-induced granulomatosis (notably due to TNF-a antagonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and interferons), immune deficiencies, genetic disorders (Blau syndrome), Crohn’s disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and malignancy-associated granulomatosis. Ruling out lymphoproliferative disorders may also be very challenging before obtaining typical biopsy specimen. The first step is an assessment of epidemiological factors, notably the incidence of sarcoidosis and of alternative diagnoses; exposure to risk factors (e.g., infectious, occupational, and environmental agents); and exposure to drugs taken for therapeutic or recreational purposes. The clinical history, physical examination and, above all, chest computed tomography indicate which differential diagnoses are most likely, thereby guiding the choice of subsequent investigations (e.g., microbiological investigations, lymphocyte proliferation tests with metals, autoantibody assays, and genetic tests). The goal is to rule out all diagnoses other than sarcoidosis that are consistent with the clinical situation. Chest computed tomography findings, from common to rare and from typical to atypical, are described for sarcoidosis and the alternatives. The pathology of granulomas and associated lesions is discussed and diagnostically helpful stains specified. In some patients, the definite diagnosis may require the continuous gathering of information during follow-up. Diseases that often closely mimic sarcoidosis include chronic beryllium disease and drug-induced granulomatosis. Tuberculosis rarely resembles sarcoidosis but is a leading differential diagnosis in regions of high tuberculosis endemicity.
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spelling pubmed-102132762023-05-27 Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review Valeyre, Dominique Brauner, Michel Bernaudin, Jean-François Carbonnelle, Etienne Duchemann, Boris Rotenberg, Cécile Berger, Ingrid Martin, Antoine Nunes, Hilario Naccache, Jean-Marc Jeny, Florence Front Med (Lausanne) Medicine Diagnosing pulmonary sarcoidosis raises challenges due to both the absence of a specific diagnostic criterion and the varied presentations capable of mimicking many other conditions. The aim of this review is to help non-sarcoidosis experts establish optimal differential-diagnosis strategies tailored to each situation. Alternative granulomatous diseases that must be ruled out include infections (notably tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, and histoplasmosis), chronic beryllium disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, granulomatous talcosis, drug-induced granulomatosis (notably due to TNF-a antagonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and interferons), immune deficiencies, genetic disorders (Blau syndrome), Crohn’s disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and malignancy-associated granulomatosis. Ruling out lymphoproliferative disorders may also be very challenging before obtaining typical biopsy specimen. The first step is an assessment of epidemiological factors, notably the incidence of sarcoidosis and of alternative diagnoses; exposure to risk factors (e.g., infectious, occupational, and environmental agents); and exposure to drugs taken for therapeutic or recreational purposes. The clinical history, physical examination and, above all, chest computed tomography indicate which differential diagnoses are most likely, thereby guiding the choice of subsequent investigations (e.g., microbiological investigations, lymphocyte proliferation tests with metals, autoantibody assays, and genetic tests). The goal is to rule out all diagnoses other than sarcoidosis that are consistent with the clinical situation. Chest computed tomography findings, from common to rare and from typical to atypical, are described for sarcoidosis and the alternatives. The pathology of granulomas and associated lesions is discussed and diagnostically helpful stains specified. In some patients, the definite diagnosis may require the continuous gathering of information during follow-up. Diseases that often closely mimic sarcoidosis include chronic beryllium disease and drug-induced granulomatosis. Tuberculosis rarely resembles sarcoidosis but is a leading differential diagnosis in regions of high tuberculosis endemicity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10213276/ /pubmed/37250639 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1150751 Text en Copyright © 2023 Valeyre, Brauner, Bernaudin, Carbonnelle, Duchemann, Rotenberg, Berger, Martin, Nunes, Naccache and Jeny. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Medicine
Valeyre, Dominique
Brauner, Michel
Bernaudin, Jean-François
Carbonnelle, Etienne
Duchemann, Boris
Rotenberg, Cécile
Berger, Ingrid
Martin, Antoine
Nunes, Hilario
Naccache, Jean-Marc
Jeny, Florence
Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review
title Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review
title_full Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review
title_fullStr Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review
title_full_unstemmed Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review
title_short Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review
title_sort differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review
topic Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213276/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37250639
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1150751
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