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The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study

INTRODUCTION: Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces (iBCI) establish a new pathway to restore motor functions in individuals with paralysis by interfacing directly with the brain to translate movement intention into action. However, the development of iBCI applications is hindered by the non-stati...

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Autores principales: Wan, Zijun, Liu, Tengjun, Ran, Xingchen, Liu, Pengfu, Chen, Weidong, Zhang, Shaomin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37251598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2023.1135783
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author Wan, Zijun
Liu, Tengjun
Ran, Xingchen
Liu, Pengfu
Chen, Weidong
Zhang, Shaomin
author_facet Wan, Zijun
Liu, Tengjun
Ran, Xingchen
Liu, Pengfu
Chen, Weidong
Zhang, Shaomin
author_sort Wan, Zijun
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces (iBCI) establish a new pathway to restore motor functions in individuals with paralysis by interfacing directly with the brain to translate movement intention into action. However, the development of iBCI applications is hindered by the non-stationarity of neural signals induced by the recording degradation and neuronal property variance. Many iBCI decoders were developed to overcome this non-stationarity, but its effect on decoding performance remains largely unknown, posing a critical challenge for the practical application of iBCI. METHODS: To improve our understanding on the effect of non-stationarity, we conducted a 2D-cursor simulation study to examine the influence of various types of non-stationarities. Concentrating on spike signal changes in chronic intracortical recording, we used the following three metrics to simulate the non-stationarity: mean firing rate (MFR), number of isolated units (NIU), and neural preferred directions (PDs). MFR and NIU were decreased to simulate the recording degradation while PDs were changed to simulate the neuronal property variance. Performance evaluation based on simulation data was then conducted on three decoders and two different training schemes. Optimal Linear Estimation (OLE), Kalman Filter (KF), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) were implemented as decoders and trained using static and retrained schemes. RESULTS: In our evaluation, RNN decoder and retrained scheme showed consistent better performance under small recording degradation. However, the serious signal degradation would cause significant performance to drop eventually. On the other hand, RNN performs significantly better than the other two decoders in decoding simulated non-stationary spike signals, and the retrained scheme maintains the decoders’ high performance when changes are limited to PDs. DISCUSSION: Our simulation work demonstrates the effects of neural signal non-stationarity on decoding performance and serves as a reference for selecting decoders and training schemes in chronic iBCI. Our result suggests that comparing to KF and OLE, RNN has better or equivalent performance using both training schemes. Performance of decoders under static scheme is influenced by recording degradation and neuronal property variation while decoders under retrained scheme are only influenced by the former one.
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spelling pubmed-102133322023-05-27 The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study Wan, Zijun Liu, Tengjun Ran, Xingchen Liu, Pengfu Chen, Weidong Zhang, Shaomin Front Comput Neurosci Neuroscience INTRODUCTION: Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces (iBCI) establish a new pathway to restore motor functions in individuals with paralysis by interfacing directly with the brain to translate movement intention into action. However, the development of iBCI applications is hindered by the non-stationarity of neural signals induced by the recording degradation and neuronal property variance. Many iBCI decoders were developed to overcome this non-stationarity, but its effect on decoding performance remains largely unknown, posing a critical challenge for the practical application of iBCI. METHODS: To improve our understanding on the effect of non-stationarity, we conducted a 2D-cursor simulation study to examine the influence of various types of non-stationarities. Concentrating on spike signal changes in chronic intracortical recording, we used the following three metrics to simulate the non-stationarity: mean firing rate (MFR), number of isolated units (NIU), and neural preferred directions (PDs). MFR and NIU were decreased to simulate the recording degradation while PDs were changed to simulate the neuronal property variance. Performance evaluation based on simulation data was then conducted on three decoders and two different training schemes. Optimal Linear Estimation (OLE), Kalman Filter (KF), and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) were implemented as decoders and trained using static and retrained schemes. RESULTS: In our evaluation, RNN decoder and retrained scheme showed consistent better performance under small recording degradation. However, the serious signal degradation would cause significant performance to drop eventually. On the other hand, RNN performs significantly better than the other two decoders in decoding simulated non-stationary spike signals, and the retrained scheme maintains the decoders’ high performance when changes are limited to PDs. DISCUSSION: Our simulation work demonstrates the effects of neural signal non-stationarity on decoding performance and serves as a reference for selecting decoders and training schemes in chronic iBCI. Our result suggests that comparing to KF and OLE, RNN has better or equivalent performance using both training schemes. Performance of decoders under static scheme is influenced by recording degradation and neuronal property variation while decoders under retrained scheme are only influenced by the former one. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10213332/ /pubmed/37251598 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2023.1135783 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wan, Liu, Ran, Liu, Chen and Zhang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Wan, Zijun
Liu, Tengjun
Ran, Xingchen
Liu, Pengfu
Chen, Weidong
Zhang, Shaomin
The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study
title The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study
title_full The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study
title_fullStr The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study
title_full_unstemmed The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study
title_short The influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study
title_sort influence of non-stationarity of spike signals on decoding performance in intracortical brain-computer interface: a simulation study
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37251598
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2023.1135783
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