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Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected treatment-seeking behaviors of psychiatric patients and their guardians. Barriers to access of mental health services may contribute to adverse mental health consequences, not only for psychiatric patients, but also for their guardians. This stu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213336/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37252144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139742 |
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author | Zhao, Yan-Jie Zhang, Ling Feng, Yuan Sha, Sha Lam, Mei Ieng Wang, Yue-Ying Li, Jia-Xin Su, Zhaohui Cheung, Teris Ungvari, Gabor S. Jackson, Todd An, Feng-Rong Xiang, Yu-Tao |
author_facet | Zhao, Yan-Jie Zhang, Ling Feng, Yuan Sha, Sha Lam, Mei Ieng Wang, Yue-Ying Li, Jia-Xin Su, Zhaohui Cheung, Teris Ungvari, Gabor S. Jackson, Todd An, Feng-Rong Xiang, Yu-Tao |
author_sort | Zhao, Yan-Jie |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected treatment-seeking behaviors of psychiatric patients and their guardians. Barriers to access of mental health services may contribute to adverse mental health consequences, not only for psychiatric patients, but also for their guardians. This study explored the prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in China. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, fatigue level and quality of life (QOL) of guardians were measured with validated Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale – 7 (GAD-7), fatigue numeric rating scale (FNRS), and the first two items of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - brief version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Independent correlates of depression were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare global QOL of depressed versus non-depressed guardians. The network structure of depressive symptoms among guardians was constructed using an extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC) model. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients was 32.4% (95% CI: 29.7–35.2%). GAD-7 total scores (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.8–2.1) and fatigue (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.4) were positively correlated with depression among guardians. After controlling for significant correlates of depression, depressed guardians had lower QOL than non-depressed peers did [F((1, 1,101)) = 29.24, p < 0.001]. “Loss of energy” (item 4 of the PHQ-9), “concentration difficulties” (item 7 of the PHQ-9) and “sad mood” (item 2 of the PHQ-9) were the most central symptoms in the network model of depression for guardians. CONCLUSION: About one third of guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients reported depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Poorer QOL was related to having depression in this sample. In light of their emergence as key central symptoms, “loss of energy,” “concentration problems,” and “sad mood” are potentially useful targets for mental health services designed to support caregivers of psychiatric patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10213336 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102133362023-05-27 Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective Zhao, Yan-Jie Zhang, Ling Feng, Yuan Sha, Sha Lam, Mei Ieng Wang, Yue-Ying Li, Jia-Xin Su, Zhaohui Cheung, Teris Ungvari, Gabor S. Jackson, Todd An, Feng-Rong Xiang, Yu-Tao Front Psychiatry Psychiatry BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected treatment-seeking behaviors of psychiatric patients and their guardians. Barriers to access of mental health services may contribute to adverse mental health consequences, not only for psychiatric patients, but also for their guardians. This study explored the prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in China. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, fatigue level and quality of life (QOL) of guardians were measured with validated Chinese versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale – 7 (GAD-7), fatigue numeric rating scale (FNRS), and the first two items of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - brief version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Independent correlates of depression were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare global QOL of depressed versus non-depressed guardians. The network structure of depressive symptoms among guardians was constructed using an extended Bayesian Information Criterion (EBIC) model. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients was 32.4% (95% CI: 29.7–35.2%). GAD-7 total scores (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.8–2.1) and fatigue (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.4) were positively correlated with depression among guardians. After controlling for significant correlates of depression, depressed guardians had lower QOL than non-depressed peers did [F((1, 1,101)) = 29.24, p < 0.001]. “Loss of energy” (item 4 of the PHQ-9), “concentration difficulties” (item 7 of the PHQ-9) and “sad mood” (item 2 of the PHQ-9) were the most central symptoms in the network model of depression for guardians. CONCLUSION: About one third of guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients reported depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Poorer QOL was related to having depression in this sample. In light of their emergence as key central symptoms, “loss of energy,” “concentration problems,” and “sad mood” are potentially useful targets for mental health services designed to support caregivers of psychiatric patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10213336/ /pubmed/37252144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139742 Text en Copyright © 2023 Zhao, Zhang, Feng, Sha, Lam, Wang, Li, Su, Cheung, Ungvari, Jackson, An and Xiang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Zhao, Yan-Jie Zhang, Ling Feng, Yuan Sha, Sha Lam, Mei Ieng Wang, Yue-Ying Li, Jia-Xin Su, Zhaohui Cheung, Teris Ungvari, Gabor S. Jackson, Todd An, Feng-Rong Xiang, Yu-Tao Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective |
title | Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective |
title_full | Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective |
title_short | Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network perspective |
title_sort | prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life among guardians of hospitalized psychiatric patients during the covid-19 pandemic: a network perspective |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213336/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37252144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1139742 |
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