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Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source

Due to the climate change crisis, and environmental impacts of the traditional meat sector, the production of artificial animal protein based on in vitro cell culture technology is proposed as an alternative. Furthermore, since traditional animal serum-supplemented cultures pose scientific challenge...

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Autores principales: Scheffold, Jana, Bruheim, Per, Kjesbu, Joachim Sebastian, Jang, Mi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37252232
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1184178
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author Scheffold, Jana
Bruheim, Per
Kjesbu, Joachim Sebastian
Jang, Mi
author_facet Scheffold, Jana
Bruheim, Per
Kjesbu, Joachim Sebastian
Jang, Mi
author_sort Scheffold, Jana
collection PubMed
description Due to the climate change crisis, and environmental impacts of the traditional meat sector, the production of artificial animal protein based on in vitro cell culture technology is proposed as an alternative. Furthermore, since traditional animal serum-supplemented cultures pose scientific challenges such as batch variation and contamination risks, artificial animal protein cultures are currently in urgent need of not only serum-free cultures, but also microcarrier culture systems for scalability. However, serum-free microcarrier-based culture system for the differentiation of muscle cells is not available to date. Therefore, we established an edible alginate microcapsules culture system for the differentiation of C2C12 cells in serum-free conditions. Furthermore, metabolites related to central carbon metabolism were profiled based on targeted metabolomics using mass spectrometry. The C2C12 cells cultured in alginate microcapsules displayed high viability throughout 7 days and successfully differentiated within 4 days in serum and serum-free cultures except for AIM-V cultures, which was confirmed by CK activity and MHC immunostaining. Lastly, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to compare metabolite profiles between monolayer and alginate microcapsule culture systems. Alginate microcapsule culture showed higher levels of intracellular glycolysis and TCA cycle intermediates, lactate, and the contribution of essential amino acids compared to the monolayer culture. We believe our serum-free alginate microcapsule culture system is adaptable to different species of muscle cells and contributes to future food technology as a proof of concept for the scalability of alternative animal protein source production.
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spelling pubmed-102139422023-05-27 Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source Scheffold, Jana Bruheim, Per Kjesbu, Joachim Sebastian Jang, Mi Front Nutr Nutrition Due to the climate change crisis, and environmental impacts of the traditional meat sector, the production of artificial animal protein based on in vitro cell culture technology is proposed as an alternative. Furthermore, since traditional animal serum-supplemented cultures pose scientific challenges such as batch variation and contamination risks, artificial animal protein cultures are currently in urgent need of not only serum-free cultures, but also microcarrier culture systems for scalability. However, serum-free microcarrier-based culture system for the differentiation of muscle cells is not available to date. Therefore, we established an edible alginate microcapsules culture system for the differentiation of C2C12 cells in serum-free conditions. Furthermore, metabolites related to central carbon metabolism were profiled based on targeted metabolomics using mass spectrometry. The C2C12 cells cultured in alginate microcapsules displayed high viability throughout 7 days and successfully differentiated within 4 days in serum and serum-free cultures except for AIM-V cultures, which was confirmed by CK activity and MHC immunostaining. Lastly, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to compare metabolite profiles between monolayer and alginate microcapsule culture systems. Alginate microcapsule culture showed higher levels of intracellular glycolysis and TCA cycle intermediates, lactate, and the contribution of essential amino acids compared to the monolayer culture. We believe our serum-free alginate microcapsule culture system is adaptable to different species of muscle cells and contributes to future food technology as a proof of concept for the scalability of alternative animal protein source production. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10213942/ /pubmed/37252232 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1184178 Text en Copyright © 2023 Scheffold, Bruheim, Kjesbu and Jang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Scheffold, Jana
Bruheim, Per
Kjesbu, Joachim Sebastian
Jang, Mi
Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source
title Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source
title_full Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source
title_fullStr Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source
title_full_unstemmed Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source
title_short Serum-free alginate-C2C12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source
title_sort serum-free alginate-c2c12 cells microcapsule as a model of alternative animal protein source
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10213942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37252232
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1184178
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