A Sleep‐Specific Midbrain Target for Sevoflurane Anesthesia

Sevoflurane has been the most widely used inhaled anesthetics with a favorable recovery profile; however, the precise mechanisms underlying its anesthetic action are still not completely understood. Here the authors show that sevoflurane activates a cluster of urocortin 1 (UCN1(+))/cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART(+)) neurons in the midbrain involved in its anesthesia. Furthermore, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is highly enriched in sevoflurane‐activated UCN1(+)/CART(+) cells and is necessary for sleep induction. Blockade of GHSR abolishes the excitatory effect of sevoflurane on UCN1(+)/CART(+) neurons and attenuates its anesthetic effect. Collectively, their data suggest that anesthetic action of sevoflurane necessitates the GHSR activation in midbrain UCN1(+)/CART(+) neurons, which provides a novel target including the nucleus and receptor in the field of anesthesia.