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Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: White matter hyperintensities are an important marker of cerebral small vessel disease. This disease burden is commonly described as hyperintense areas in the cerebral white matter, as seen on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging data. Studies have d...

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Autores principales: Botz, Jonas, Lohner, Valerie, Schirmer, Markus D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10214839/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37251801
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1165324
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author Botz, Jonas
Lohner, Valerie
Schirmer, Markus D.
author_facet Botz, Jonas
Lohner, Valerie
Schirmer, Markus D.
author_sort Botz, Jonas
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: White matter hyperintensities are an important marker of cerebral small vessel disease. This disease burden is commonly described as hyperintense areas in the cerebral white matter, as seen on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging data. Studies have demonstrated associations with various cognitive impairments, neurological diseases, and neuropathologies, as well as clinical and risk factors, such as age, sex, and hypertension. Due to their heterogeneous appearance in location and size, studies have started to investigate spatial distributions and patterns, beyond summarizing this cerebrovascular disease burden in a single metric–its volume. Here, we review the evidence of association of white matter hyperintensity spatial patterns with its risk factors and clinical diagnoses. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement. We used the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging criteria to construct a search string for literature search on PubMed. Studies written in English from the earliest records available until January 31st, 2023, were eligible for inclusion if they reported on spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin. RESULTS: A total of 380 studies were identified by the initial literature search, of which 41 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. These studies included cohorts based on mild cognitive impairment (15/41), Alzheimer’s disease (14/41), Dementia (5/41), Parkinson’s disease (3/41), and subjective cognitive decline (2/41). Additionally, 6 of 41 studies investigated cognitively normal, older cohorts, two of which were population-based, or other clinical findings such as acute ischemic stroke or reduced cardiac output. Cohorts ranged from 32 to 882 patients/participants [median cohort size 191.5 and 51.6% female (range: 17.9–81.3%)]. The studies included in this review have identified spatial heterogeneity of WMHs with various impairments, diseases, and pathologies as well as with sex and (cerebro)vascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: The results show that studying white matter hyperintensities on a more granular level might give a deeper understanding of the underlying neuropathology and their effects. This motivates further studies examining the spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities.
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spelling pubmed-102148392023-05-27 Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review Botz, Jonas Lohner, Valerie Schirmer, Markus D. Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience BACKGROUND: White matter hyperintensities are an important marker of cerebral small vessel disease. This disease burden is commonly described as hyperintense areas in the cerebral white matter, as seen on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging data. Studies have demonstrated associations with various cognitive impairments, neurological diseases, and neuropathologies, as well as clinical and risk factors, such as age, sex, and hypertension. Due to their heterogeneous appearance in location and size, studies have started to investigate spatial distributions and patterns, beyond summarizing this cerebrovascular disease burden in a single metric–its volume. Here, we review the evidence of association of white matter hyperintensity spatial patterns with its risk factors and clinical diagnoses. DESIGN/METHODS: We performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement. We used the standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging criteria to construct a search string for literature search on PubMed. Studies written in English from the earliest records available until January 31st, 2023, were eligible for inclusion if they reported on spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin. RESULTS: A total of 380 studies were identified by the initial literature search, of which 41 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. These studies included cohorts based on mild cognitive impairment (15/41), Alzheimer’s disease (14/41), Dementia (5/41), Parkinson’s disease (3/41), and subjective cognitive decline (2/41). Additionally, 6 of 41 studies investigated cognitively normal, older cohorts, two of which were population-based, or other clinical findings such as acute ischemic stroke or reduced cardiac output. Cohorts ranged from 32 to 882 patients/participants [median cohort size 191.5 and 51.6% female (range: 17.9–81.3%)]. The studies included in this review have identified spatial heterogeneity of WMHs with various impairments, diseases, and pathologies as well as with sex and (cerebro)vascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: The results show that studying white matter hyperintensities on a more granular level might give a deeper understanding of the underlying neuropathology and their effects. This motivates further studies examining the spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10214839/ /pubmed/37251801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1165324 Text en Copyright © 2023 Botz, Lohner and Schirmer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Botz, Jonas
Lohner, Valerie
Schirmer, Markus D.
Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
title Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
title_full Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
title_fullStr Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
title_short Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
title_sort spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10214839/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37251801
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1165324
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