Cargando…

Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Traditional musk is a scarce resource of traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is difficult to obtain. Few studies have been reported on the search for alternatives to musk. To this end, we collected muskrat musk, which is widely regarded as a substitute for musk, and performe...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shi, Xin, Zeng, Dejun, Zhao, Guijun, Zhang, Chenglu, Feng, Xiaolan, Zheng, Chengli, Li, Diyan, Zhang, Ming, Jie, Hang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10215723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238107
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101678
_version_ 1785048131815079936
author Shi, Xin
Zeng, Dejun
Zhao, Guijun
Zhang, Chenglu
Feng, Xiaolan
Zheng, Chengli
Li, Diyan
Zhang, Ming
Jie, Hang
author_facet Shi, Xin
Zeng, Dejun
Zhao, Guijun
Zhang, Chenglu
Feng, Xiaolan
Zheng, Chengli
Li, Diyan
Zhang, Ming
Jie, Hang
author_sort Shi, Xin
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Traditional musk is a scarce resource of traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is difficult to obtain. Few studies have been reported on the search for alternatives to musk. To this end, we collected muskrat musk, which is widely regarded as a substitute for musk, and performed Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC–TOF–MS) metabolomics analysis together with musk. The results showed that muskrat musk and musk had certain similarities in terms of their composition, but the important active components of muscone were missing. Analysis of muskrat musk at different ages showed that amino acids, fatty acids, and steroids were significantly enriched, which may affect the function of muskrat scent glands through local enrichment for a short time. ABSTRACT: Muskrat musk is considered to be a potential substitute for traditional musk. However, little is known about the similarity between muskrat musk and musk, and whether it is related to muskrat age. In this study, muskrat musk (MR1, MR2, and MR3) were from 1, 2, and 3-year-old muskrats, respectively, and white musk (WM) and brown musk (BM) were picked from male forest musk deer. The results indicated that muskrat musk had higher similarity to WM than BM. Further research showed that RM3 had the highest matched degree with WM. By significantly different metabolite analysis, we found that 52 metabolites continue to increase from 1- to 3-year-old muskrats. In total, 7 and 15 metabolites were significantly decreased in RM1 vs. RM2 and RM2 vs. RM3, respectively. Meanwhile, 30 and 17 signaling pathways were observed from increased and decreased metabolites, respectively. The increased metabolites mainly entailed enrichment in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, muskrat musk from three-year-old muskrat is a relatively good substitute for white musk, and the result also implies that these biological processes of amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis are beneficial to the secretion of muskrat musk.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10215723
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-102157232023-05-27 Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk Shi, Xin Zeng, Dejun Zhao, Guijun Zhang, Chenglu Feng, Xiaolan Zheng, Chengli Li, Diyan Zhang, Ming Jie, Hang Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Traditional musk is a scarce resource of traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is difficult to obtain. Few studies have been reported on the search for alternatives to musk. To this end, we collected muskrat musk, which is widely regarded as a substitute for musk, and performed Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC–TOF–MS) metabolomics analysis together with musk. The results showed that muskrat musk and musk had certain similarities in terms of their composition, but the important active components of muscone were missing. Analysis of muskrat musk at different ages showed that amino acids, fatty acids, and steroids were significantly enriched, which may affect the function of muskrat scent glands through local enrichment for a short time. ABSTRACT: Muskrat musk is considered to be a potential substitute for traditional musk. However, little is known about the similarity between muskrat musk and musk, and whether it is related to muskrat age. In this study, muskrat musk (MR1, MR2, and MR3) were from 1, 2, and 3-year-old muskrats, respectively, and white musk (WM) and brown musk (BM) were picked from male forest musk deer. The results indicated that muskrat musk had higher similarity to WM than BM. Further research showed that RM3 had the highest matched degree with WM. By significantly different metabolite analysis, we found that 52 metabolites continue to increase from 1- to 3-year-old muskrats. In total, 7 and 15 metabolites were significantly decreased in RM1 vs. RM2 and RM2 vs. RM3, respectively. Meanwhile, 30 and 17 signaling pathways were observed from increased and decreased metabolites, respectively. The increased metabolites mainly entailed enrichment in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, muskrat musk from three-year-old muskrat is a relatively good substitute for white musk, and the result also implies that these biological processes of amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis are beneficial to the secretion of muskrat musk. MDPI 2023-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10215723/ /pubmed/37238107 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101678 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Shi, Xin
Zeng, Dejun
Zhao, Guijun
Zhang, Chenglu
Feng, Xiaolan
Zheng, Chengli
Li, Diyan
Zhang, Ming
Jie, Hang
Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk
title Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk
title_full Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk
title_fullStr Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk
title_full_unstemmed Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk
title_short Correlation Analysis between Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Musk and Traditional Musk
title_sort correlation analysis between muskrat (ondatra zibethicus) musk and traditional musk
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10215723/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238107
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101678
work_keys_str_mv AT shixin correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT zengdejun correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT zhaoguijun correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT zhangchenglu correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT fengxiaolan correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT zhengchengli correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT lidiyan correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT zhangming correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk
AT jiehang correlationanalysisbetweenmuskratondatrazibethicusmuskandtraditionalmusk