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The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterised by the severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and by the presence of Lewy bodies. PD is diagnosed upon the onset of motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, resting tr...

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Autores principales: Guedes, Beatriz F. S., Cardoso, Sandra Morais, Esteves, Ana Raquel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10215921/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239020
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051349
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author Guedes, Beatriz F. S.
Cardoso, Sandra Morais
Esteves, Ana Raquel
author_facet Guedes, Beatriz F. S.
Cardoso, Sandra Morais
Esteves, Ana Raquel
author_sort Guedes, Beatriz F. S.
collection PubMed
description Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterised by the severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and by the presence of Lewy bodies. PD is diagnosed upon the onset of motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. It is currently accepted that motor symptoms are preceded by non-motor features, such as gastrointestinal dysfunction. In fact, it has been proposed that PD might start in the gut and spread to the central nervous system. Growing evidence reports that the gut microbiota, which has been found to be altered in PD patients, influences the function of the central and enteric nervous systems. Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PD patients has also been reported, many of which regulate key pathological mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity. It remains unknown how gut microbiota regulates brain function; however, miRNAs have been highlighted as important players. Remarkably, numerous studies have depicted the ability of miRNAs to modulate and be regulated by the host’s gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the experimental and clinical studies implicating mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity in PD. Moreover, we gather recent data on miRNA involvement in these two processes. Ultimately, we discuss the reciprocal crosstalk between gut microbiota and miRNAs. Studying the bidirectional interaction of gut microbiome–miRNA might elucidate the aetiology and pathogenesis of gut-first PD, which could lead to the application of miRNAs as potential biomarkers or therapeutical targets for PD.
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spelling pubmed-102159212023-05-27 The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease Guedes, Beatriz F. S. Cardoso, Sandra Morais Esteves, Ana Raquel Biomedicines Review Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterised by the severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and by the presence of Lewy bodies. PD is diagnosed upon the onset of motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. It is currently accepted that motor symptoms are preceded by non-motor features, such as gastrointestinal dysfunction. In fact, it has been proposed that PD might start in the gut and spread to the central nervous system. Growing evidence reports that the gut microbiota, which has been found to be altered in PD patients, influences the function of the central and enteric nervous systems. Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PD patients has also been reported, many of which regulate key pathological mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity. It remains unknown how gut microbiota regulates brain function; however, miRNAs have been highlighted as important players. Remarkably, numerous studies have depicted the ability of miRNAs to modulate and be regulated by the host’s gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the experimental and clinical studies implicating mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity in PD. Moreover, we gather recent data on miRNA involvement in these two processes. Ultimately, we discuss the reciprocal crosstalk between gut microbiota and miRNAs. Studying the bidirectional interaction of gut microbiome–miRNA might elucidate the aetiology and pathogenesis of gut-first PD, which could lead to the application of miRNAs as potential biomarkers or therapeutical targets for PD. MDPI 2023-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10215921/ /pubmed/37239020 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051349 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Guedes, Beatriz F. S.
Cardoso, Sandra Morais
Esteves, Ana Raquel
The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
title The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
title_full The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
title_fullStr The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
title_short The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
title_sort impact of micrornas on mitochondrial function and immunity: relevance to parkinson’s disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10215921/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239020
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051349
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