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Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent and debilitating autoimmune inflammatory chronic diseases. Although it is primarily characterized by destructive peripheral arthritis, it is a systemic disease, and RA-related extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) can affect almost every organ, ex...

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Autores principales: Mitrović, Joško, Hrkač, Stela, Tečer, Josip, Golob, Majda, Ljilja Posavec, Anja, Kolar Mitrović, Helena, Grgurević, Lovorka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216027/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051262
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author Mitrović, Joško
Hrkač, Stela
Tečer, Josip
Golob, Majda
Ljilja Posavec, Anja
Kolar Mitrović, Helena
Grgurević, Lovorka
author_facet Mitrović, Joško
Hrkač, Stela
Tečer, Josip
Golob, Majda
Ljilja Posavec, Anja
Kolar Mitrović, Helena
Grgurević, Lovorka
author_sort Mitrović, Joško
collection PubMed
description Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent and debilitating autoimmune inflammatory chronic diseases. Although it is primarily characterized by destructive peripheral arthritis, it is a systemic disease, and RA-related extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) can affect almost every organ, exhibit a multitude of clinical presentations, and can even be asymptomatic. Importantly, EAMs largely contribute to the quality of life and mortality of RA patients, particularly substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in RA patients. In spite of known risk factors related to EAM development, a more in-depth understanding of its pathophysiology is lacking. Improved knowledge of EAMs and their comparison to the pathogenesis of arthritis in RA could lead to a better understanding of RA inflammation overall and its initial phases. Taking into account that RA is a disorder that has many faces and that each person experiences it and responds to treatments differently, gaining a better understanding of the connections between the joint and extra-joint manifestations could help to create new treatments and improve the overall approach to the patient.
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spelling pubmed-102160272023-05-27 Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review Mitrović, Joško Hrkač, Stela Tečer, Josip Golob, Majda Ljilja Posavec, Anja Kolar Mitrović, Helena Grgurević, Lovorka Biomedicines Review Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent and debilitating autoimmune inflammatory chronic diseases. Although it is primarily characterized by destructive peripheral arthritis, it is a systemic disease, and RA-related extraarticular manifestations (EAMs) can affect almost every organ, exhibit a multitude of clinical presentations, and can even be asymptomatic. Importantly, EAMs largely contribute to the quality of life and mortality of RA patients, particularly substantially increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in RA patients. In spite of known risk factors related to EAM development, a more in-depth understanding of its pathophysiology is lacking. Improved knowledge of EAMs and their comparison to the pathogenesis of arthritis in RA could lead to a better understanding of RA inflammation overall and its initial phases. Taking into account that RA is a disorder that has many faces and that each person experiences it and responds to treatments differently, gaining a better understanding of the connections between the joint and extra-joint manifestations could help to create new treatments and improve the overall approach to the patient. MDPI 2023-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10216027/ /pubmed/37238933 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051262 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mitrović, Joško
Hrkač, Stela
Tečer, Josip
Golob, Majda
Ljilja Posavec, Anja
Kolar Mitrović, Helena
Grgurević, Lovorka
Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review
title Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review
title_full Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review
title_fullStr Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review
title_full_unstemmed Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review
title_short Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis—A Comprehensive Review
title_sort pathogenesis of extraarticular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis—a comprehensive review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216027/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238933
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051262
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