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Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy
(1) Objective: Whether abnormal sleep-wake rhythms were associated with depressive symptoms in patents with epilepsy had remained unclear. Our study aimed to establish relative entropy for the assessment of sleep-wake patterns and to explore the relationship between this index and the severity of de...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216093/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239295 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050823 |
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author | Liu, Mingsu Jiang, Jian Feng, Yu Cai, Yang Ding, Jing Wang, Xin |
author_facet | Liu, Mingsu Jiang, Jian Feng, Yu Cai, Yang Ding, Jing Wang, Xin |
author_sort | Liu, Mingsu |
collection | PubMed |
description | (1) Objective: Whether abnormal sleep-wake rhythms were associated with depressive symptoms in patents with epilepsy had remained unclear. Our study aimed to establish relative entropy for the assessment of sleep-wake patterns and to explore the relationship between this index and the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. (2) Methods: We recorded long-term scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) questionnaire scores from 64 patients with epilepsy. Patients with HAMD-17 scores of 0–7 points were defined as the non-depressive group, while patients with scores of 8 or higher were defined as the depression group. Sleep stages were firstly classified based on EEG data. We then quantified sleep-wake rhythm variations in brain activity using the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) of daytime wakefulness and nighttime sleep. The KLD at different frequency bands in each brain region was analyzed between the depression and non-depression groups. (3) Results: Of the 64 patients with epilepsy included in our study, 32 had depressive symptoms. It was found that patients with depression had significantly decreased KLD for high-frequency oscillations in most brain areas, especially the frontal lobe. A detailed analysis was conducted in the right frontal region (F4) because of the significant difference in the high-frequency band. We found that the KLDs at the gamma bands were significantly decreased in the depression groups compared to the non-depression group (KLD(D) = 0.35 ± 0.05, KLD(ND) = 0.57 ± 0.05, p = 0.009). A negative correlation was displayed between the KLD of gamma band oscillation and HAMD-17 score (r = −0.29, p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: Sleep-wake rhythms can be assessed using the KLD index calculated from long-term scalp EEGs. Moreover, the KLD of high-frequency bands had a negative correlation with HAMD-17 scores in patients with epilepsy, which indicates a close relationship between abnormal sleep-wake patterns and depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10216093 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102160932023-05-27 Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Liu, Mingsu Jiang, Jian Feng, Yu Cai, Yang Ding, Jing Wang, Xin Brain Sci Article (1) Objective: Whether abnormal sleep-wake rhythms were associated with depressive symptoms in patents with epilepsy had remained unclear. Our study aimed to establish relative entropy for the assessment of sleep-wake patterns and to explore the relationship between this index and the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. (2) Methods: We recorded long-term scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) questionnaire scores from 64 patients with epilepsy. Patients with HAMD-17 scores of 0–7 points were defined as the non-depressive group, while patients with scores of 8 or higher were defined as the depression group. Sleep stages were firstly classified based on EEG data. We then quantified sleep-wake rhythm variations in brain activity using the Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD) of daytime wakefulness and nighttime sleep. The KLD at different frequency bands in each brain region was analyzed between the depression and non-depression groups. (3) Results: Of the 64 patients with epilepsy included in our study, 32 had depressive symptoms. It was found that patients with depression had significantly decreased KLD for high-frequency oscillations in most brain areas, especially the frontal lobe. A detailed analysis was conducted in the right frontal region (F4) because of the significant difference in the high-frequency band. We found that the KLDs at the gamma bands were significantly decreased in the depression groups compared to the non-depression group (KLD(D) = 0.35 ± 0.05, KLD(ND) = 0.57 ± 0.05, p = 0.009). A negative correlation was displayed between the KLD of gamma band oscillation and HAMD-17 score (r = −0.29, p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: Sleep-wake rhythms can be assessed using the KLD index calculated from long-term scalp EEGs. Moreover, the KLD of high-frequency bands had a negative correlation with HAMD-17 scores in patients with epilepsy, which indicates a close relationship between abnormal sleep-wake patterns and depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. MDPI 2023-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10216093/ /pubmed/37239295 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050823 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Mingsu Jiang, Jian Feng, Yu Cai, Yang Ding, Jing Wang, Xin Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy |
title | Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy |
title_full | Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy |
title_fullStr | Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy |
title_full_unstemmed | Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy |
title_short | Kullback–Leibler Divergence of Sleep-Wake Patterns Related with Depressive Severity in Patients with Epilepsy |
title_sort | kullback–leibler divergence of sleep-wake patterns related with depressive severity in patients with epilepsy |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216093/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239295 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050823 |
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