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The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology

Opposite to other immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and subclasses, there is no consensus on the definition of normal levels of serum total IgE. However, longitudinal studies on birth cohorts produced growth charts of total IgE levels in helminth-free and never atopic children and defining the normal rang...

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Autor principal: Matricardi, Paolo Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216455/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051378
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author Matricardi, Paolo Maria
author_facet Matricardi, Paolo Maria
author_sort Matricardi, Paolo Maria
collection PubMed
description Opposite to other immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and subclasses, there is no consensus on the definition of normal levels of serum total IgE. However, longitudinal studies on birth cohorts produced growth charts of total IgE levels in helminth-free and never atopic children and defining the normal ranges of total serum IgE concentration at the individual, rather than population, level. Accordingly, very ‘low IgE producers’ (i.e., children whose tIgE level belong to the lowest percentiles) became atopic while keeping their total IgE levels in a range considered ‘normal’ if compared to the general age-matched population but ‘abnormally high’ if projected on the tIgE growth chart against the trajectory of that child’s own percentile levels. In ‘low IgE producers’, the IgE-specific activity, i.e., the ratio between allergen-specific and total IgE, is more important than the absolute specific IgE levels to confirm causality between allergen exposure and allergic symptoms. Patients with allergic rhinitis or peanut anaphylaxis but low or undetectable allergen-specific IgE levels must therefore be reconsidered considering their total IgE levels. Low IgE producers have been also associated with common variable immunodeficiency, lung diseases, and malignancies. A few epidemiological studies have shown a higher risk of malignancies in very low IgE producers, leading to a debated hypothesis proposing a novel, evolutionistic-relevant function for IgE antibodies for antitumor immune surveillance.
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spelling pubmed-102164552023-05-27 The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology Matricardi, Paolo Maria Biomedicines Review Opposite to other immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and subclasses, there is no consensus on the definition of normal levels of serum total IgE. However, longitudinal studies on birth cohorts produced growth charts of total IgE levels in helminth-free and never atopic children and defining the normal ranges of total serum IgE concentration at the individual, rather than population, level. Accordingly, very ‘low IgE producers’ (i.e., children whose tIgE level belong to the lowest percentiles) became atopic while keeping their total IgE levels in a range considered ‘normal’ if compared to the general age-matched population but ‘abnormally high’ if projected on the tIgE growth chart against the trajectory of that child’s own percentile levels. In ‘low IgE producers’, the IgE-specific activity, i.e., the ratio between allergen-specific and total IgE, is more important than the absolute specific IgE levels to confirm causality between allergen exposure and allergic symptoms. Patients with allergic rhinitis or peanut anaphylaxis but low or undetectable allergen-specific IgE levels must therefore be reconsidered considering their total IgE levels. Low IgE producers have been also associated with common variable immunodeficiency, lung diseases, and malignancies. A few epidemiological studies have shown a higher risk of malignancies in very low IgE producers, leading to a debated hypothesis proposing a novel, evolutionistic-relevant function for IgE antibodies for antitumor immune surveillance. MDPI 2023-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10216455/ /pubmed/37239049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051378 Text en © 2023 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Matricardi, Paolo Maria
The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology
title The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology
title_full The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology
title_fullStr The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology
title_full_unstemmed The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology
title_short The Very Low IgE Producer: Allergology, Genetics, Immunodeficiencies, and Oncology
title_sort very low ige producer: allergology, genetics, immunodeficiencies, and oncology
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216455/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239049
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051378
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