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The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer
Bowman’s layer is an acellular layer in the anterior stroma found in the corneas of humans, most other primates, chickens, and some other species. Many other species, however, including the rabbit, dog, wolf, cat, tiger, and lion, do not have a Bowman’s layer. Millions of humans who have had photore...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13050771 |
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author | Wilson, Steven E. |
author_facet | Wilson, Steven E. |
author_sort | Wilson, Steven E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bowman’s layer is an acellular layer in the anterior stroma found in the corneas of humans, most other primates, chickens, and some other species. Many other species, however, including the rabbit, dog, wolf, cat, tiger, and lion, do not have a Bowman’s layer. Millions of humans who have had photorefractive keratectomy over the past thirty plus years have had Bowman’s layer removed by excimer laser ablation over their central cornea without apparent sequelae. A prior study showed that Bowman’s layer does not contribute significantly to mechanical stability within the cornea. Bowman’s layer does not have a barrier function, as many cytokines and growth factors, as well as other molecules, such as EBM component perlecan, pass bidirectionally through Bowman’s layer in normal corneal functions, and during the response to epithelial scrape injury. We hypothesized that Bowman’s layer represents a visible indicator of ongoing cytokine and growth factor-mediated interactions that occur between corneal epithelial cells (and corneal endothelial cells) and stromal keratocytes that maintain the normal corneal tissue organization via negative chemotactic and apoptotic effects of modulators produced by the epithelium on stromal keratocytes. Interleukin-1 alpha, produced constitutively by corneal epithelial cells and endothelial cells, is thought to be one of these cytokines. Bowman’s layer is destroyed in corneas with advanced Fuchs’ dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy when the epithelium becomes edematous and dysfunctional, and fibrovascular tissue commonly develops beneath and/or within the epithelium in these corneas. Bowman’s-like layers have been noted to develop surrounding epithelial plugs within the stromal incisions years after radial keratotomy. Although there are species-related differences in corneal wound healing, and even between strains within a species, these differences are not related to the presence or absence of Bowman’s layer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10216545 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102165452023-05-27 The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer Wilson, Steven E. Biomolecules Review Bowman’s layer is an acellular layer in the anterior stroma found in the corneas of humans, most other primates, chickens, and some other species. Many other species, however, including the rabbit, dog, wolf, cat, tiger, and lion, do not have a Bowman’s layer. Millions of humans who have had photorefractive keratectomy over the past thirty plus years have had Bowman’s layer removed by excimer laser ablation over their central cornea without apparent sequelae. A prior study showed that Bowman’s layer does not contribute significantly to mechanical stability within the cornea. Bowman’s layer does not have a barrier function, as many cytokines and growth factors, as well as other molecules, such as EBM component perlecan, pass bidirectionally through Bowman’s layer in normal corneal functions, and during the response to epithelial scrape injury. We hypothesized that Bowman’s layer represents a visible indicator of ongoing cytokine and growth factor-mediated interactions that occur between corneal epithelial cells (and corneal endothelial cells) and stromal keratocytes that maintain the normal corneal tissue organization via negative chemotactic and apoptotic effects of modulators produced by the epithelium on stromal keratocytes. Interleukin-1 alpha, produced constitutively by corneal epithelial cells and endothelial cells, is thought to be one of these cytokines. Bowman’s layer is destroyed in corneas with advanced Fuchs’ dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy when the epithelium becomes edematous and dysfunctional, and fibrovascular tissue commonly develops beneath and/or within the epithelium in these corneas. Bowman’s-like layers have been noted to develop surrounding epithelial plugs within the stromal incisions years after radial keratotomy. Although there are species-related differences in corneal wound healing, and even between strains within a species, these differences are not related to the presence or absence of Bowman’s layer. MDPI 2023-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10216545/ /pubmed/37238641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13050771 Text en © 2023 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wilson, Steven E. The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer |
title | The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer |
title_full | The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer |
title_fullStr | The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer |
title_full_unstemmed | The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer |
title_short | The Cornea: No Difference in the Wound Healing Response to Injury Related to Whether, or Not, There’s a Bowman’s Layer |
title_sort | cornea: no difference in the wound healing response to injury related to whether, or not, there’s a bowman’s layer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10216545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13050771 |
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