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Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy
This review provides an overview of conventional and novel retinal imaging modalities for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy. HCQ retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy resulting from HCQ use for a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. E...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10217485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101752 |
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author | Cheong, Kai Xiong Ong, Charles Jit Teng Chandrasekaran, Priya R Zhao, Jinzhi Teo, Kelvin Yi Chong Mathur, Ranjana |
author_facet | Cheong, Kai Xiong Ong, Charles Jit Teng Chandrasekaran, Priya R Zhao, Jinzhi Teo, Kelvin Yi Chong Mathur, Ranjana |
author_sort | Cheong, Kai Xiong |
collection | PubMed |
description | This review provides an overview of conventional and novel retinal imaging modalities for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy. HCQ retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy resulting from HCQ use for a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Each imaging modality detects a different aspect of HCQ retinopathy and shows a unique complement of structural changes. Conventionally, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which shows loss or attenuation of the outer retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium–Bruch’s membrane complex, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), which shows parafoveal or pericentral abnormalities, are used to assess HCQ retinopathy. Additionally, several variations of OCT (retinal and choroidal thickness measurements, choroidal vascularity index, widefield OCT, en face imaging, minimum intensity analysis, and artificial intelligence techniques) and FAF techniques (quantitative FAF, near-infrared FAF, fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, and widefield FAF) have been applied to assess HCQ retinopathy. Other novel retinal imaging techniques that are being studied for early detection of HCQ retinopathy include OCT angiography, multicolour imaging, adaptive optics, and retromode imaging, although further testing is required for validation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10217485 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102174852023-05-27 Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy Cheong, Kai Xiong Ong, Charles Jit Teng Chandrasekaran, Priya R Zhao, Jinzhi Teo, Kelvin Yi Chong Mathur, Ranjana Diagnostics (Basel) Review This review provides an overview of conventional and novel retinal imaging modalities for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy. HCQ retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy resulting from HCQ use for a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Each imaging modality detects a different aspect of HCQ retinopathy and shows a unique complement of structural changes. Conventionally, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which shows loss or attenuation of the outer retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium–Bruch’s membrane complex, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), which shows parafoveal or pericentral abnormalities, are used to assess HCQ retinopathy. Additionally, several variations of OCT (retinal and choroidal thickness measurements, choroidal vascularity index, widefield OCT, en face imaging, minimum intensity analysis, and artificial intelligence techniques) and FAF techniques (quantitative FAF, near-infrared FAF, fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, and widefield FAF) have been applied to assess HCQ retinopathy. Other novel retinal imaging techniques that are being studied for early detection of HCQ retinopathy include OCT angiography, multicolour imaging, adaptive optics, and retromode imaging, although further testing is required for validation. MDPI 2023-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10217485/ /pubmed/37238236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101752 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Cheong, Kai Xiong Ong, Charles Jit Teng Chandrasekaran, Priya R Zhao, Jinzhi Teo, Kelvin Yi Chong Mathur, Ranjana Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy |
title | Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy |
title_full | Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy |
title_fullStr | Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy |
title_full_unstemmed | Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy |
title_short | Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy |
title_sort | review of retinal imaging modalities for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10217485/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37238236 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101752 |
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