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Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases

Autoimmune kidney diseases occur due to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, resulting in inflammation and pathological damage to the kidneys. This review focuses on the known genetic associations of the major autoimmune kidney diseases that result in the development of glomerulonephritis: lupus...

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Autores principales: Huang, Stephanie U-Shane, Kulatunge, Oneli, O’Sullivan, Kim Maree
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10218028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239388
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14051028
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author Huang, Stephanie U-Shane
Kulatunge, Oneli
O’Sullivan, Kim Maree
author_facet Huang, Stephanie U-Shane
Kulatunge, Oneli
O’Sullivan, Kim Maree
author_sort Huang, Stephanie U-Shane
collection PubMed
description Autoimmune kidney diseases occur due to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, resulting in inflammation and pathological damage to the kidneys. This review focuses on the known genetic associations of the major autoimmune kidney diseases that result in the development of glomerulonephritis: lupus nephritis (LN), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic associated vasculitis (AAV), anti-glomerular basement disease (also known as Goodpasture’s disease), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and membranous nephritis (MN). Genetic associations with an increased risk of disease are not only associated with polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II region, which governs underlying processes in the development of autoimmunity, but are also associated with genes regulating inflammation, such as NFkB, IRF4, and FC γ receptors (FCGR). Critical genome-wide association studies are discussed both to reveal similarities in gene polymorphisms between autoimmune kidney diseases and to explicate differential risks in different ethnicities. Lastly, we review the role of neutrophil extracellular traps, critical inducers of inflammation in LN, AAV, and anti-GBM disease, where inefficient clearance due to polymorphisms in DNase I and genes that regulate neutrophil extracellular trap production are associated with autoimmune kidney diseases.
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spelling pubmed-102180282023-05-27 Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases Huang, Stephanie U-Shane Kulatunge, Oneli O’Sullivan, Kim Maree Genes (Basel) Review Autoimmune kidney diseases occur due to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, resulting in inflammation and pathological damage to the kidneys. This review focuses on the known genetic associations of the major autoimmune kidney diseases that result in the development of glomerulonephritis: lupus nephritis (LN), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic associated vasculitis (AAV), anti-glomerular basement disease (also known as Goodpasture’s disease), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and membranous nephritis (MN). Genetic associations with an increased risk of disease are not only associated with polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II region, which governs underlying processes in the development of autoimmunity, but are also associated with genes regulating inflammation, such as NFkB, IRF4, and FC γ receptors (FCGR). Critical genome-wide association studies are discussed both to reveal similarities in gene polymorphisms between autoimmune kidney diseases and to explicate differential risks in different ethnicities. Lastly, we review the role of neutrophil extracellular traps, critical inducers of inflammation in LN, AAV, and anti-GBM disease, where inefficient clearance due to polymorphisms in DNase I and genes that regulate neutrophil extracellular trap production are associated with autoimmune kidney diseases. MDPI 2023-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10218028/ /pubmed/37239388 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14051028 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Huang, Stephanie U-Shane
Kulatunge, Oneli
O’Sullivan, Kim Maree
Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases
title Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases
title_full Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases
title_fullStr Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases
title_short Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases
title_sort deciphering the genetic code of autoimmune kidney diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10218028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37239388
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14051028
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