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Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment
Harmful alcohol use is responsible for a group of disorders collectively named alcohol use disorders (AUDs), according to the DSM-5 classification. The damage induced by alcohol depends on the amount, time, and consumption patterns (continuous and heavy episodic drinking). It affects individual glob...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10218060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108656 |
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author | Rodríguez, Francisco D. Sánchez, Manuel Lisardo Coveñas, Rafael |
author_facet | Rodríguez, Francisco D. Sánchez, Manuel Lisardo Coveñas, Rafael |
author_sort | Rodríguez, Francisco D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Harmful alcohol use is responsible for a group of disorders collectively named alcohol use disorders (AUDs), according to the DSM-5 classification. The damage induced by alcohol depends on the amount, time, and consumption patterns (continuous and heavy episodic drinking). It affects individual global well-being and social and familial environments with variable impact. Alcohol addiction manifests with different degrees of organ and mental health detriment for the individual, exhibiting two main traits: compulsive drinking and negative emotional states occurring at withdrawal, frequently causing relapse episodes. Numerous individual and living conditions, including the concomitant use of other psychoactive substances, lie in the complexity of AUD. Ethanol and its metabolites directly impact the tissues and may cause local damage or alter the homeostasis of brain neurotransmission, immunity scaffolding, or cell repair biochemical pathways. Brain modulator and neurotransmitter-assembled neurocircuitries govern reward, reinforcement, social interaction, and consumption of alcohol behaviors in an intertwined manner. Experimental evidence supports the participation of neurotensin (NT) in preclinical models of alcohol addiction. For example, NT neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala projecting to the parabrachial nucleus strengthen alcohol consumption and preference. In addition, the levels of NT in the frontal cortex were found to be lower in rats bred to prefer alcohol to water in a free alcohol–water choice compared to wild-type animals. NT receptors 1 and 2 seem to be involved in alcohol consumption and alcohol effects in several models of knockout mice. This review aims to present an updated picture of the role of NT systems in alcohol addiction and the possible use of nonpeptide ligands modulating the activity of the NT system, applied to experimental animal models of harmful drinking behavior mimicking alcohol addiction leading to health ruin in humans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10218060 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102180602023-05-27 Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment Rodríguez, Francisco D. Sánchez, Manuel Lisardo Coveñas, Rafael Int J Mol Sci Review Harmful alcohol use is responsible for a group of disorders collectively named alcohol use disorders (AUDs), according to the DSM-5 classification. The damage induced by alcohol depends on the amount, time, and consumption patterns (continuous and heavy episodic drinking). It affects individual global well-being and social and familial environments with variable impact. Alcohol addiction manifests with different degrees of organ and mental health detriment for the individual, exhibiting two main traits: compulsive drinking and negative emotional states occurring at withdrawal, frequently causing relapse episodes. Numerous individual and living conditions, including the concomitant use of other psychoactive substances, lie in the complexity of AUD. Ethanol and its metabolites directly impact the tissues and may cause local damage or alter the homeostasis of brain neurotransmission, immunity scaffolding, or cell repair biochemical pathways. Brain modulator and neurotransmitter-assembled neurocircuitries govern reward, reinforcement, social interaction, and consumption of alcohol behaviors in an intertwined manner. Experimental evidence supports the participation of neurotensin (NT) in preclinical models of alcohol addiction. For example, NT neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala projecting to the parabrachial nucleus strengthen alcohol consumption and preference. In addition, the levels of NT in the frontal cortex were found to be lower in rats bred to prefer alcohol to water in a free alcohol–water choice compared to wild-type animals. NT receptors 1 and 2 seem to be involved in alcohol consumption and alcohol effects in several models of knockout mice. This review aims to present an updated picture of the role of NT systems in alcohol addiction and the possible use of nonpeptide ligands modulating the activity of the NT system, applied to experimental animal models of harmful drinking behavior mimicking alcohol addiction leading to health ruin in humans. MDPI 2023-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10218060/ /pubmed/37240004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108656 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rodríguez, Francisco D. Sánchez, Manuel Lisardo Coveñas, Rafael Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment |
title | Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment |
title_full | Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment |
title_fullStr | Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment |
title_short | Neurotensin and Alcohol Use Disorders: Towards a Pharmacological Treatment |
title_sort | neurotensin and alcohol use disorders: towards a pharmacological treatment |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10218060/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108656 |
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