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Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy

The KCNA1 gene encodes Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits, which are crucial for maintaining healthy neuronal firing and preventing hyperexcitability. Mutations in the KCNA1 gene can cause several neurological diseases and symptoms, such as episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) and epilepsy, wh...

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Autores principales: Paulhus, Kelsey, Glasscock, Edward
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10219020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240170
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108826
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author Paulhus, Kelsey
Glasscock, Edward
author_facet Paulhus, Kelsey
Glasscock, Edward
author_sort Paulhus, Kelsey
collection PubMed
description The KCNA1 gene encodes Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits, which are crucial for maintaining healthy neuronal firing and preventing hyperexcitability. Mutations in the KCNA1 gene can cause several neurological diseases and symptoms, such as episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) and epilepsy, which may occur alone or in combination, making it challenging to establish simple genotype–phenotype correlations. Previous analyses of human KCNA1 variants have shown that epilepsy-linked mutations tend to cluster in regions critical for the channel’s pore, whereas EA1-associated mutations are evenly distributed across the length of the protein. In this review, we examine 17 recently discovered pathogenic or likely pathogenic KCNA1 variants to gain new insights into the molecular genetic basis of KCNA1 channelopathy. We provide the first systematic breakdown of disease rates for KCNA1 variants in different protein domains, uncovering potential location biases that influence genotype–phenotype correlations. Our examination of the new mutations strengthens the proposed link between the pore region and epilepsy and reveals new connections between epilepsy-related variants, genetic modifiers, and respiratory dysfunction. Additionally, the new variants include the first two gain-of-function mutations ever discovered for KCNA1, the first frameshift mutation, and the first mutations located in the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain, broadening the functional and molecular scope of KCNA1 channelopathy. Moreover, the recently identified variants highlight emerging links between KCNA1 and musculoskeletal abnormalities and nystagmus, conditions not typically associated with KCNA1. These findings improve our understanding of KCNA1 channelopathy and promise to enhance personalized diagnosis and treatment for individuals with KCNA1-linked disorders.
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spelling pubmed-102190202023-05-27 Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy Paulhus, Kelsey Glasscock, Edward Int J Mol Sci Review The KCNA1 gene encodes Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channel α subunits, which are crucial for maintaining healthy neuronal firing and preventing hyperexcitability. Mutations in the KCNA1 gene can cause several neurological diseases and symptoms, such as episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1) and epilepsy, which may occur alone or in combination, making it challenging to establish simple genotype–phenotype correlations. Previous analyses of human KCNA1 variants have shown that epilepsy-linked mutations tend to cluster in regions critical for the channel’s pore, whereas EA1-associated mutations are evenly distributed across the length of the protein. In this review, we examine 17 recently discovered pathogenic or likely pathogenic KCNA1 variants to gain new insights into the molecular genetic basis of KCNA1 channelopathy. We provide the first systematic breakdown of disease rates for KCNA1 variants in different protein domains, uncovering potential location biases that influence genotype–phenotype correlations. Our examination of the new mutations strengthens the proposed link between the pore region and epilepsy and reveals new connections between epilepsy-related variants, genetic modifiers, and respiratory dysfunction. Additionally, the new variants include the first two gain-of-function mutations ever discovered for KCNA1, the first frameshift mutation, and the first mutations located in the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain, broadening the functional and molecular scope of KCNA1 channelopathy. Moreover, the recently identified variants highlight emerging links between KCNA1 and musculoskeletal abnormalities and nystagmus, conditions not typically associated with KCNA1. These findings improve our understanding of KCNA1 channelopathy and promise to enhance personalized diagnosis and treatment for individuals with KCNA1-linked disorders. MDPI 2023-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10219020/ /pubmed/37240170 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108826 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Paulhus, Kelsey
Glasscock, Edward
Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy
title Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy
title_full Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy
title_fullStr Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy
title_full_unstemmed Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy
title_short Novel Genetic Variants Expand the Functional, Molecular, and Pathological Diversity of KCNA1 Channelopathy
title_sort novel genetic variants expand the functional, molecular, and pathological diversity of kcna1 channelopathy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10219020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240170
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108826
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