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Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective

The endemic fungal infection, coccidioidomycosis, occurs after inhalation of one or very few Coccidioides spp. spores. Infections produce diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from insignificant to extremely destructive, even fatal. Approaches to understanding this range of consequences have trad...

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Autores principales: Galgiani, John N., Hsu, Amy P., Powell, Daniel A., Vyas, Jatin M., Holland, Steven M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10219288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9050554
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author Galgiani, John N.
Hsu, Amy P.
Powell, Daniel A.
Vyas, Jatin M.
Holland, Steven M.
author_facet Galgiani, John N.
Hsu, Amy P.
Powell, Daniel A.
Vyas, Jatin M.
Holland, Steven M.
author_sort Galgiani, John N.
collection PubMed
description The endemic fungal infection, coccidioidomycosis, occurs after inhalation of one or very few Coccidioides spp. spores. Infections produce diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from insignificant to extremely destructive, even fatal. Approaches to understanding this range of consequences have traditionally categorized patients into a small number of groups (asymptomatic, uncomplicated self-limited, fibro-cavitary, and extra-thoracic disseminated) and then looked for immunologic differences among them. Recently, variants within genes of innate pathways have been found to account, in part, for infections that result in disseminated disease. This discovery raises the very attractive theory that, in patients without severe immunosuppression, much of the disease spectrum can be accounted for by various combinations of such deleterious variants in innate pathways. In this review, we summarize what is known about genetic determinants that are responsible for the severity of coccidioidal infections and how complex innate genetic differences among different people might account for the spectrum of disease observed clinically.
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spelling pubmed-102192882023-05-27 Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective Galgiani, John N. Hsu, Amy P. Powell, Daniel A. Vyas, Jatin M. Holland, Steven M. J Fungi (Basel) Review The endemic fungal infection, coccidioidomycosis, occurs after inhalation of one or very few Coccidioides spp. spores. Infections produce diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from insignificant to extremely destructive, even fatal. Approaches to understanding this range of consequences have traditionally categorized patients into a small number of groups (asymptomatic, uncomplicated self-limited, fibro-cavitary, and extra-thoracic disseminated) and then looked for immunologic differences among them. Recently, variants within genes of innate pathways have been found to account, in part, for infections that result in disseminated disease. This discovery raises the very attractive theory that, in patients without severe immunosuppression, much of the disease spectrum can be accounted for by various combinations of such deleterious variants in innate pathways. In this review, we summarize what is known about genetic determinants that are responsible for the severity of coccidioidal infections and how complex innate genetic differences among different people might account for the spectrum of disease observed clinically. MDPI 2023-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10219288/ /pubmed/37233265 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9050554 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Galgiani, John N.
Hsu, Amy P.
Powell, Daniel A.
Vyas, Jatin M.
Holland, Steven M.
Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective
title Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective
title_full Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective
title_fullStr Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective
title_short Genetic and Other Determinants for the Severity of Coccidioidomycosis: A Clinician’s Perspective
title_sort genetic and other determinants for the severity of coccidioidomycosis: a clinician’s perspective
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10219288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233265
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9050554
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