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SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model
Pedestrian tracking is a challenging task in the area of visual object tracking research and it is a vital component of various vision-based applications such as surveillance systems, human-following robots, and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we proposed a single pedestrian tracking (SPT) frame...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10220580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37430819 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104906 |
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author | Manzoor, Sumaira An, Ye-Chan In, Gun-Gyo Zhang, Yueyuan Kim, Sangmin Kuc, Tae-Yong |
author_facet | Manzoor, Sumaira An, Ye-Chan In, Gun-Gyo Zhang, Yueyuan Kim, Sangmin Kuc, Tae-Yong |
author_sort | Manzoor, Sumaira |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pedestrian tracking is a challenging task in the area of visual object tracking research and it is a vital component of various vision-based applications such as surveillance systems, human-following robots, and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we proposed a single pedestrian tracking (SPT) framework for identifying each instance of a person across all video frames through a tracking-by-detection paradigm that combines deep learning and metric learning-based approaches. The SPT framework comprises three main modules: detection, re-identification, and tracking. Our contribution is a significant improvement in the results by designing two compact metric learning-based models using Siamese architecture in the pedestrian re-identification module and combining one of the most robust re-identification models for data associated with the pedestrian detector in the tracking module. We carried out several analyses to evaluate the performance of our SPT framework for single pedestrian tracking in the videos. The results of the re-identification module validate that our two proposed re-identification models surpass existing state-of-the-art models with increased accuracies of 79.2% and 83.9% on the large dataset and 92% and 96% on the small dataset. Moreover, the proposed SPT tracker, along with six state-of-the-art (SOTA) tracking models, has been tested on various indoor and outdoor video sequences. A qualitative analysis considering six major environmental factors verifies the effectiveness of our SPT tracker under illumination changes, appearance variations due to pose changes, changes in target position, and partial occlusions. In addition, quantitative analysis based on experimental results also demonstrates that our proposed SPT tracker outperforms the GOTURN, CSRT, KCF, and SiamFC trackers with a success rate of 79.7% while beating the DiamSiamRPN, SiamFC, CSRT, GOTURN, and SiamMask trackers with an average of 18 tracking frames per second. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10220580 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102205802023-05-28 SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model Manzoor, Sumaira An, Ye-Chan In, Gun-Gyo Zhang, Yueyuan Kim, Sangmin Kuc, Tae-Yong Sensors (Basel) Article Pedestrian tracking is a challenging task in the area of visual object tracking research and it is a vital component of various vision-based applications such as surveillance systems, human-following robots, and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we proposed a single pedestrian tracking (SPT) framework for identifying each instance of a person across all video frames through a tracking-by-detection paradigm that combines deep learning and metric learning-based approaches. The SPT framework comprises three main modules: detection, re-identification, and tracking. Our contribution is a significant improvement in the results by designing two compact metric learning-based models using Siamese architecture in the pedestrian re-identification module and combining one of the most robust re-identification models for data associated with the pedestrian detector in the tracking module. We carried out several analyses to evaluate the performance of our SPT framework for single pedestrian tracking in the videos. The results of the re-identification module validate that our two proposed re-identification models surpass existing state-of-the-art models with increased accuracies of 79.2% and 83.9% on the large dataset and 92% and 96% on the small dataset. Moreover, the proposed SPT tracker, along with six state-of-the-art (SOTA) tracking models, has been tested on various indoor and outdoor video sequences. A qualitative analysis considering six major environmental factors verifies the effectiveness of our SPT tracker under illumination changes, appearance variations due to pose changes, changes in target position, and partial occlusions. In addition, quantitative analysis based on experimental results also demonstrates that our proposed SPT tracker outperforms the GOTURN, CSRT, KCF, and SiamFC trackers with a success rate of 79.7% while beating the DiamSiamRPN, SiamFC, CSRT, GOTURN, and SiamMask trackers with an average of 18 tracking frames per second. MDPI 2023-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10220580/ /pubmed/37430819 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104906 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Manzoor, Sumaira An, Ye-Chan In, Gun-Gyo Zhang, Yueyuan Kim, Sangmin Kuc, Tae-Yong SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model |
title | SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model |
title_full | SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model |
title_fullStr | SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model |
title_full_unstemmed | SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model |
title_short | SPT: Single Pedestrian Tracking Framework with Re-Identification-Based Learning Using the Siamese Model |
title_sort | spt: single pedestrian tracking framework with re-identification-based learning using the siamese model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10220580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37430819 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104906 |
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