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Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix

In the process of ocean exploration, highly accurate and sensitive measurements of seawater temperature and pressure significantly impact the study of seawater’s physical, chemical, and biological processes. In this paper, three different package structures, V-shape, square-shape, and semicircle-sha...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Shumao, Yu, Yang, Hu, Xiaoyang, Bian, Qiang, Wang, Dongying, Weng, Junjie, Liang, Jianqiao, Wei, Linyi, Jiang, Peng, Luo, Hong, Yang, Linfeng, Yang, Junbo, Zhang, Zhenrong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10220607/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37430570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104655
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author Zhang, Shumao
Yu, Yang
Hu, Xiaoyang
Bian, Qiang
Wang, Dongying
Weng, Junjie
Liang, Jianqiao
Wei, Linyi
Jiang, Peng
Luo, Hong
Yang, Linfeng
Yang, Junbo
Zhang, Zhenrong
author_facet Zhang, Shumao
Yu, Yang
Hu, Xiaoyang
Bian, Qiang
Wang, Dongying
Weng, Junjie
Liang, Jianqiao
Wei, Linyi
Jiang, Peng
Luo, Hong
Yang, Linfeng
Yang, Junbo
Zhang, Zhenrong
author_sort Zhang, Shumao
collection PubMed
description In the process of ocean exploration, highly accurate and sensitive measurements of seawater temperature and pressure significantly impact the study of seawater’s physical, chemical, and biological processes. In this paper, three different package structures, V-shape, square-shape, and semicircle-shape, are designed and fabricated, and an optical microfiber coupler combined Sagnac loop (OMCSL) is encapsulated in these structures with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Then, the temperature and pressure response characteristics of the OMCSL, under different package structures, are analyzed by simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that structural change hardly affects temperature sensitivity, and square-shape has the highest pressure sensitivity. In addition, with an input error of 1% F.S., temperature and pressure errors were calculated, which shows that a semicircle-shape structure can increase the angle between lines in the sensitivity matrix method (SMM), and reduce the effect of the input error, thus optimizing the ill-conditioned matrix. Finally, this paper shows that using the machine learning method (MLM) effectively improves demodulation accuracy. In conclusion, this paper proposes to optimize the ill-conditioned matrix problem in SMM demodulation by improving sensitivity with structural optimization, which essentially explains the cause of the large errors for multiparameter cross-sensitivity. In addition, this paper proposes to use the MLM to solve the problem of large errors in the SMM, which provides a new method to solve the problem of the ill-conditioned matrix in SMM demodulation. These have practical implications for engineering an all-optical sensor that can be used for detection in the ocean environment.
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spelling pubmed-102206072023-05-28 Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix Zhang, Shumao Yu, Yang Hu, Xiaoyang Bian, Qiang Wang, Dongying Weng, Junjie Liang, Jianqiao Wei, Linyi Jiang, Peng Luo, Hong Yang, Linfeng Yang, Junbo Zhang, Zhenrong Sensors (Basel) Article In the process of ocean exploration, highly accurate and sensitive measurements of seawater temperature and pressure significantly impact the study of seawater’s physical, chemical, and biological processes. In this paper, three different package structures, V-shape, square-shape, and semicircle-shape, are designed and fabricated, and an optical microfiber coupler combined Sagnac loop (OMCSL) is encapsulated in these structures with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Then, the temperature and pressure response characteristics of the OMCSL, under different package structures, are analyzed by simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that structural change hardly affects temperature sensitivity, and square-shape has the highest pressure sensitivity. In addition, with an input error of 1% F.S., temperature and pressure errors were calculated, which shows that a semicircle-shape structure can increase the angle between lines in the sensitivity matrix method (SMM), and reduce the effect of the input error, thus optimizing the ill-conditioned matrix. Finally, this paper shows that using the machine learning method (MLM) effectively improves demodulation accuracy. In conclusion, this paper proposes to optimize the ill-conditioned matrix problem in SMM demodulation by improving sensitivity with structural optimization, which essentially explains the cause of the large errors for multiparameter cross-sensitivity. In addition, this paper proposes to use the MLM to solve the problem of large errors in the SMM, which provides a new method to solve the problem of the ill-conditioned matrix in SMM demodulation. These have practical implications for engineering an all-optical sensor that can be used for detection in the ocean environment. MDPI 2023-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10220607/ /pubmed/37430570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104655 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Shumao
Yu, Yang
Hu, Xiaoyang
Bian, Qiang
Wang, Dongying
Weng, Junjie
Liang, Jianqiao
Wei, Linyi
Jiang, Peng
Luo, Hong
Yang, Linfeng
Yang, Junbo
Zhang, Zhenrong
Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix
title Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix
title_full Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix
title_fullStr Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix
title_full_unstemmed Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix
title_short Design of OMC-Sagnac Loop Using PDMS and Different Package Structures to Improve Sensing Performance and Optimize the Ill-Conditioned Matrix
title_sort design of omc-sagnac loop using pdms and different package structures to improve sensing performance and optimize the ill-conditioned matrix
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10220607/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37430570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23104655
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