(1→3)-α-d-Glucooligosaccharides Increase the Killing Capacity of NK Cells against Selected Human Colon Cancer Cells

Despite the progress of medicine, colorectal cancer has occupied one of the highest positions in the rankings of cancer morbidity and mortality for many years. Thus, alternative methods of its treatment are sought. One of the newer therapeutic strategies is immunotherapy based on NK cells (natural killers), which are the body’s first line of defense against cancer. The aim of the study was to verify the possibility of using (1→3)-α-d-glucooligosaccharides (GOSs) obtained via acid hydrolysis of (1→3)-α-d-glucan from the fruiting body of Laetiporus sulphureus to improve the anticancer effect of NK-92 cells, with proven clinical utility, against selected human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines LS180 and HT-29. The study revealed that the investigated oligosaccharides significantly enhanced the ability of NK-92 cells to eliminate the examined colon cancer cells, mostly by an increase in their cytotoxic activity. The most significant effect was observed in LS180 and HT-29 cells exposed to a two-times higher quantity of NK cells activated by 500 µg/mL GOS, wherein NK-92 killing properties increased for 20.5% (p < 0.001) and 24.8% (p < 0.001), respectively. The beneficial impact of (1→3)-α-d-glucooligosaccharides on the anticancer properties of NK-92 suggests their use in colon cancer immunotherapy as adjuvants; however, the obtained data require further investigation and confirmation.