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Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania
Metabolomic analysis methods were employed to determine biomarkers for various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Modern analytical methods were developed and applied successfully to find a specific metabolomic profile in urine samples from CKD and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) patients. The aim was...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10221794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233650 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050609 |
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author | Ordodi, Valentin L. Hădărugă, Nicoleta G. Hădărugă, Daniel I. Lukinich-Gruia, Alexandra T. Mărgineanu, Mihaela Tatu, Călin A. Păunescu, Virgil |
author_facet | Ordodi, Valentin L. Hădărugă, Nicoleta G. Hădărugă, Daniel I. Lukinich-Gruia, Alexandra T. Mărgineanu, Mihaela Tatu, Călin A. Păunescu, Virgil |
author_sort | Ordodi, Valentin L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Metabolomic analysis methods were employed to determine biomarkers for various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Modern analytical methods were developed and applied successfully to find a specific metabolomic profile in urine samples from CKD and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) patients. The aim was to explore a specific metabolomic profile defined by feasible/easy-to-identify molecular markers. Urine samples were collected from patients with CKDs and BEN, and from healthy subjects from endemic and nonendemic areas in Romania. Metabolomic analysis of urine samples, extracted by the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The statistical exploration of the results was performed through a principal component analysis (PCA) evaluation. Urine samples were statistically analyzed using a classification based on six types of metabolites. Most urinary metabolites are distributed in the center of a loading plot, meaning that these compounds do not represent significant markers for BEN. One of the most frequent and higher-concentration urinary metabolites in BEN patients was p-Cresol, a phenolic compound that implies a severe injury of the renal filtration function. The presence of p-Cresol was associated with protein-bound uremic toxins, which have specific functional groups such as indole and phenyl. In prospective studies for future investigation, prevention, and disease treatment, we suggest a larger sample size, sample extraction using other methods, and analysis using other chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, which can generate a more significant data set for statistical analysis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10221794 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102217942023-05-28 Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania Ordodi, Valentin L. Hădărugă, Nicoleta G. Hădărugă, Daniel I. Lukinich-Gruia, Alexandra T. Mărgineanu, Mihaela Tatu, Călin A. Păunescu, Virgil Metabolites Article Metabolomic analysis methods were employed to determine biomarkers for various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Modern analytical methods were developed and applied successfully to find a specific metabolomic profile in urine samples from CKD and Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) patients. The aim was to explore a specific metabolomic profile defined by feasible/easy-to-identify molecular markers. Urine samples were collected from patients with CKDs and BEN, and from healthy subjects from endemic and nonendemic areas in Romania. Metabolomic analysis of urine samples, extracted by the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The statistical exploration of the results was performed through a principal component analysis (PCA) evaluation. Urine samples were statistically analyzed using a classification based on six types of metabolites. Most urinary metabolites are distributed in the center of a loading plot, meaning that these compounds do not represent significant markers for BEN. One of the most frequent and higher-concentration urinary metabolites in BEN patients was p-Cresol, a phenolic compound that implies a severe injury of the renal filtration function. The presence of p-Cresol was associated with protein-bound uremic toxins, which have specific functional groups such as indole and phenyl. In prospective studies for future investigation, prevention, and disease treatment, we suggest a larger sample size, sample extraction using other methods, and analysis using other chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, which can generate a more significant data set for statistical analysis. MDPI 2023-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10221794/ /pubmed/37233650 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050609 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ordodi, Valentin L. Hădărugă, Nicoleta G. Hădărugă, Daniel I. Lukinich-Gruia, Alexandra T. Mărgineanu, Mihaela Tatu, Călin A. Păunescu, Virgil Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania |
title | Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania |
title_full | Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania |
title_fullStr | Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania |
title_full_unstemmed | Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania |
title_short | Urine Metabolomic Signature of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Other Types of Chronic Kidney Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects in Romania |
title_sort | urine metabolomic signature of people diagnosed with balkan endemic nephropathy and other types of chronic kidney disease compared with healthy subjects in romania |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10221794/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233650 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050609 |
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