Challenges in the Timely Diagnosis of Behcet’s Disease

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic, multi-systemic inflammatory disorder mainly characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and uveitis. As no pathognomonic laboratory test exists for BD, the diagnosis relies solely on clinical features. Over the years, great efforts have been invested in creating clinical diagnostic and classification criteria. The international study group criteria introduced in 1990 were the first true multinational set of criteria. Despite improving the ability to diagnose BD, these criteria still have limitations, including the inability to diagnose patients presenting without oral ulcers or presenting with rare manifestations of the disease. This led to the introduction of the international criteria for BD in 2013, which improved the sensitivity with minimal compromise on specificity. Despite the efforts made and as our understanding of the clinical manifestations of BD and genetic pathogenesis continue to evolve, efforts should be made to further enhance the currently accepted international classification criteria, perhaps by incorporating genetic testing (e.g., family history or HLA typing) as well as ethnic group-specific features.