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Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain
Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by complex pain symptoms lacking impersonal considerations in diagnosis and treatment evaluation, which often happens in women. Chronic and persistent widespread pain is the key symptom disturbing patients with FM, leading to depression, obesity, and sl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222451/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051160 |
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author | Lai, Po-Chih Yen, Chia-Ming Lin, Ming-Chia Chen, Yung-Hsiang Liao, Hsien-Yin Huang, Yu-Wei Lin, Yi-Wen |
author_facet | Lai, Po-Chih Yen, Chia-Ming Lin, Ming-Chia Chen, Yung-Hsiang Liao, Hsien-Yin Huang, Yu-Wei Lin, Yi-Wen |
author_sort | Lai, Po-Chih |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by complex pain symptoms lacking impersonal considerations in diagnosis and treatment evaluation, which often happens in women. Chronic and persistent widespread pain is the key symptom disturbing patients with FM, leading to depression, obesity, and sleep disturbances. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation produces a harmful sensory input involved in central pain; this is the focus of this study. Electroacupuncture (EA) has beneficial effects in reducing FM pain, but its connection with TLR4 signaling is still unknown. Methods: Intermittent cold stress significantly induced mechanical and thermal pain. EA, but not sham EA, reliably attenuated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The increased inflammatory mediators in FM mice were reduced in the EA group, but not in the sham group. Results: All TLR4 and related molecule levels increased in the FM mice’s hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (PAG), and cerebellum. These increases could be attenuated by EA but not sham stimulation. Activation of TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly induced FM and can be further reversed by a TLR4 antagonist. Conclusions: These mechanisms provide evidence that the analgesic effect of EA is related to the TLR4 pathway. In addition, we showed that inflammation can activate the TLR4 pathway and provided new possible therapeutic targets for FM pain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10222451 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102224512023-05-28 Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain Lai, Po-Chih Yen, Chia-Ming Lin, Ming-Chia Chen, Yung-Hsiang Liao, Hsien-Yin Huang, Yu-Wei Lin, Yi-Wen Life (Basel) Article Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by complex pain symptoms lacking impersonal considerations in diagnosis and treatment evaluation, which often happens in women. Chronic and persistent widespread pain is the key symptom disturbing patients with FM, leading to depression, obesity, and sleep disturbances. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation produces a harmful sensory input involved in central pain; this is the focus of this study. Electroacupuncture (EA) has beneficial effects in reducing FM pain, but its connection with TLR4 signaling is still unknown. Methods: Intermittent cold stress significantly induced mechanical and thermal pain. EA, but not sham EA, reliably attenuated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The increased inflammatory mediators in FM mice were reduced in the EA group, but not in the sham group. Results: All TLR4 and related molecule levels increased in the FM mice’s hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (PAG), and cerebellum. These increases could be attenuated by EA but not sham stimulation. Activation of TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly induced FM and can be further reversed by a TLR4 antagonist. Conclusions: These mechanisms provide evidence that the analgesic effect of EA is related to the TLR4 pathway. In addition, we showed that inflammation can activate the TLR4 pathway and provided new possible therapeutic targets for FM pain. MDPI 2023-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC10222451/ /pubmed/37240805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051160 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lai, Po-Chih Yen, Chia-Ming Lin, Ming-Chia Chen, Yung-Hsiang Liao, Hsien-Yin Huang, Yu-Wei Lin, Yi-Wen Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain |
title | Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain |
title_full | Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain |
title_fullStr | Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain |
title_full_unstemmed | Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain |
title_short | Electroacupuncture Attenuates Fibromyalgia Pain via Toll-like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Brain |
title_sort | electroacupuncture attenuates fibromyalgia pain via toll-like receptor 4 in the mouse brain |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222451/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240805 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051160 |
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