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Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges

Colorectal cancer is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers globally. To address this emergency, countries have developed diffuse screening programs and innovative surgical techniques with a consequent decrease in mortality rates in non-metastatic patients. However, five years after diagnosis,...

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Autores principales: Tramontano, Chiara, De Stefano, Luca, Rea, Ilaria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222510/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233460
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21050266
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author Tramontano, Chiara
De Stefano, Luca
Rea, Ilaria
author_facet Tramontano, Chiara
De Stefano, Luca
Rea, Ilaria
author_sort Tramontano, Chiara
collection PubMed
description Colorectal cancer is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers globally. To address this emergency, countries have developed diffuse screening programs and innovative surgical techniques with a consequent decrease in mortality rates in non-metastatic patients. However, five years after diagnosis, metastatic CRC is still characterized by less than 20% survival. Most patients with metastatic CRC cannot be surgically treated. For them, the only option is treatment with conventional chemotherapies, which cause harmful side effects in normal tissues. In this context, nanomedicine can help traditional medicine overcome its limits. Diatomite nanoparticles (DNPs) are innovative nano-based drug delivery systems derived from the powder of diatom shells. Diatomite is a porous biosilica largely found in many areas of the world and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pharmaceutical and animal feed formulations. Diatomite nanoparticles with a size between 300 and 400 nm were shown to be biocompatible nanocarriers capable of delivering chemotherapeutic agents against specific targets while reducing off-target effects. This review discusses the treatment of colorectal cancer with conventional methods, highlighting the drawbacks of standard medicine and exploring innovative options based on the use of diatomite-based drug delivery systems. Three targeted treatments are considered: anti-angiogenetic drugs, antimetastatic drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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spelling pubmed-102225102023-05-28 Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges Tramontano, Chiara De Stefano, Luca Rea, Ilaria Mar Drugs Review Colorectal cancer is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers globally. To address this emergency, countries have developed diffuse screening programs and innovative surgical techniques with a consequent decrease in mortality rates in non-metastatic patients. However, five years after diagnosis, metastatic CRC is still characterized by less than 20% survival. Most patients with metastatic CRC cannot be surgically treated. For them, the only option is treatment with conventional chemotherapies, which cause harmful side effects in normal tissues. In this context, nanomedicine can help traditional medicine overcome its limits. Diatomite nanoparticles (DNPs) are innovative nano-based drug delivery systems derived from the powder of diatom shells. Diatomite is a porous biosilica largely found in many areas of the world and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pharmaceutical and animal feed formulations. Diatomite nanoparticles with a size between 300 and 400 nm were shown to be biocompatible nanocarriers capable of delivering chemotherapeutic agents against specific targets while reducing off-target effects. This review discusses the treatment of colorectal cancer with conventional methods, highlighting the drawbacks of standard medicine and exploring innovative options based on the use of diatomite-based drug delivery systems. Three targeted treatments are considered: anti-angiogenetic drugs, antimetastatic drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. MDPI 2023-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10222510/ /pubmed/37233460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21050266 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tramontano, Chiara
De Stefano, Luca
Rea, Ilaria
Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges
title Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges
title_full Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges
title_fullStr Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges
title_short Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges
title_sort diatom-based nanomedicine for colorectal cancer treatment: new approaches for old challenges
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222510/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233460
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21050266
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