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Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana

Alkaloids are the most diversified nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and are extensively used in pharmaceuticals to treat different types of cancer. Nicotiana serves as a reservoir of anti-cancer alkaloids and is also used as a model plant fo...

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Autores principales: Habib, Md. Ahsan, Islam, Md. Mobinul, Islam, Md. Mukul, Hasan, Md. Mohidul, Baek, Kwang-Hyun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222625/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233664
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050623
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author Habib, Md. Ahsan
Islam, Md. Mobinul
Islam, Md. Mukul
Hasan, Md. Mohidul
Baek, Kwang-Hyun
author_facet Habib, Md. Ahsan
Islam, Md. Mobinul
Islam, Md. Mukul
Hasan, Md. Mohidul
Baek, Kwang-Hyun
author_sort Habib, Md. Ahsan
collection PubMed
description Alkaloids are the most diversified nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and are extensively used in pharmaceuticals to treat different types of cancer. Nicotiana serves as a reservoir of anti-cancer alkaloids and is also used as a model plant for the de novo synthesis of various anti-cancer molecules through genetic engineering. Up to 4% of the total dry weight of Nicotiana was found to be composed of alkaloids, where nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine are reported as the dominant alkaloids. Additionally, among the alkaloids present in Nicotiana, β-carboline (Harmane and Norharmane) and Kynurenines are found to show anti-tumor effects, especially in the cases of colon and breast cancers. Creating new or shunting of existing biosynthesis pathways in different species of Nicotiana resulted in de novo or increased synthesis of different anti-tumor molecules or their derivatives or precursors including Taxadiane (~22.5 µg/g), Artemisinin (~120 μg/g), Parthenolide (~2.05 ng/g), Costunolide (~60 ng/g), Etoposide (~1 mg/g), Crocin (~400 µg/g), Catharanthine (~60 ng/g), Tabersonine (~10 ng/g), Strictosidine (~0.23 mg/g), etc. Enriching the precursor pool, especially Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (DMAPP), down-regulating other bi-product pathways, compartmentalization or metabolic shunting, or organelle-specific reconstitution of the precursor pool, might trigger the enhanced accumulation of the targeted anti-cancer alkaloid in Nicotiana.
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spelling pubmed-102226252023-05-28 Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana Habib, Md. Ahsan Islam, Md. Mobinul Islam, Md. Mukul Hasan, Md. Mohidul Baek, Kwang-Hyun Metabolites Review Alkaloids are the most diversified nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites, having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and are extensively used in pharmaceuticals to treat different types of cancer. Nicotiana serves as a reservoir of anti-cancer alkaloids and is also used as a model plant for the de novo synthesis of various anti-cancer molecules through genetic engineering. Up to 4% of the total dry weight of Nicotiana was found to be composed of alkaloids, where nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine are reported as the dominant alkaloids. Additionally, among the alkaloids present in Nicotiana, β-carboline (Harmane and Norharmane) and Kynurenines are found to show anti-tumor effects, especially in the cases of colon and breast cancers. Creating new or shunting of existing biosynthesis pathways in different species of Nicotiana resulted in de novo or increased synthesis of different anti-tumor molecules or their derivatives or precursors including Taxadiane (~22.5 µg/g), Artemisinin (~120 μg/g), Parthenolide (~2.05 ng/g), Costunolide (~60 ng/g), Etoposide (~1 mg/g), Crocin (~400 µg/g), Catharanthine (~60 ng/g), Tabersonine (~10 ng/g), Strictosidine (~0.23 mg/g), etc. Enriching the precursor pool, especially Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (DMAPP), down-regulating other bi-product pathways, compartmentalization or metabolic shunting, or organelle-specific reconstitution of the precursor pool, might trigger the enhanced accumulation of the targeted anti-cancer alkaloid in Nicotiana. MDPI 2023-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10222625/ /pubmed/37233664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050623 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Habib, Md. Ahsan
Islam, Md. Mobinul
Islam, Md. Mukul
Hasan, Md. Mohidul
Baek, Kwang-Hyun
Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana
title Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana
title_full Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana
title_fullStr Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana
title_full_unstemmed Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana
title_short Current Status and De Novo Synthesis of Anti-Tumor Alkaloids in Nicotiana
title_sort current status and de novo synthesis of anti-tumor alkaloids in nicotiana
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10222625/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37233664
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050623
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