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False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies

Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with false-positive HIV screening tests. The underlying mechanism is unclear, and for clinical cases, evidence beyond a temporal connection is missing. However, several experimental studies point toward SARS-CoV-2 spike/HIV-1 envelope (Env) cross-reacti...

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Autores principales: Elsner, Carina, Appeltrath, Gwenllian A., Konik, Margarethe, Parreuter, Janine, Broecker-Preuss, Martina, Krawczyk, Adalbert, Esser, Stefan, Sammet, Stefanie, Karsten, Christina B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10223138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37243248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15051161
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author Elsner, Carina
Appeltrath, Gwenllian A.
Konik, Margarethe
Parreuter, Janine
Broecker-Preuss, Martina
Krawczyk, Adalbert
Esser, Stefan
Sammet, Stefanie
Karsten, Christina B.
author_facet Elsner, Carina
Appeltrath, Gwenllian A.
Konik, Margarethe
Parreuter, Janine
Broecker-Preuss, Martina
Krawczyk, Adalbert
Esser, Stefan
Sammet, Stefanie
Karsten, Christina B.
author_sort Elsner, Carina
collection PubMed
description Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with false-positive HIV screening tests. The underlying mechanism is unclear, and for clinical cases, evidence beyond a temporal connection is missing. However, several experimental studies point toward SARS-CoV-2 spike/HIV-1 envelope (Env) cross-reactive antibodies (Abs) as a cause. Here, we present the first case of an individual with convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection testing false positive in both an HIV screening and confirmatory test. Longitudinal sampling showed that the phenomenon was temporary but lasted for at least 3 months before waning. After excluding a multitude of common determinants for assay interference, we further show by antibody depletion studies that SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific Abs did not cross-react with HIV-1 gp120 in the patient sample. No additional case of HIV test interference was identified in a cohort of 66 individuals who presented to a post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic. We conclude the SARS-CoV-2-associated HIV test interference to be a temporary process capable of disturbing both screening and confirmatory assays. The assay interference is short-lived and/or rare but should be considered by physicians as a possible explanation for unexpected HIV diagnostic results in patients with a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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spelling pubmed-102231382023-05-28 False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies Elsner, Carina Appeltrath, Gwenllian A. Konik, Margarethe Parreuter, Janine Broecker-Preuss, Martina Krawczyk, Adalbert Esser, Stefan Sammet, Stefanie Karsten, Christina B. Viruses Article Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with false-positive HIV screening tests. The underlying mechanism is unclear, and for clinical cases, evidence beyond a temporal connection is missing. However, several experimental studies point toward SARS-CoV-2 spike/HIV-1 envelope (Env) cross-reactive antibodies (Abs) as a cause. Here, we present the first case of an individual with convalescent SARS-CoV-2 infection testing false positive in both an HIV screening and confirmatory test. Longitudinal sampling showed that the phenomenon was temporary but lasted for at least 3 months before waning. After excluding a multitude of common determinants for assay interference, we further show by antibody depletion studies that SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific Abs did not cross-react with HIV-1 gp120 in the patient sample. No additional case of HIV test interference was identified in a cohort of 66 individuals who presented to a post-COVID-19 outpatient clinic. We conclude the SARS-CoV-2-associated HIV test interference to be a temporary process capable of disturbing both screening and confirmatory assays. The assay interference is short-lived and/or rare but should be considered by physicians as a possible explanation for unexpected HIV diagnostic results in patients with a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. MDPI 2023-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10223138/ /pubmed/37243248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15051161 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Elsner, Carina
Appeltrath, Gwenllian A.
Konik, Margarethe
Parreuter, Janine
Broecker-Preuss, Martina
Krawczyk, Adalbert
Esser, Stefan
Sammet, Stefanie
Karsten, Christina B.
False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies
title False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies
title_full False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies
title_fullStr False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies
title_full_unstemmed False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies
title_short False-Positive Screening and Confirmatory HIV Diagnostic Test in a Patient with Cured SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Not Mediated by Env/Spike Cross-Reactive Antibodies
title_sort false-positive screening and confirmatory hiv diagnostic test in a patient with cured sars-cov-2 infection is not mediated by env/spike cross-reactive antibodies
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10223138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37243248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15051161
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