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The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of humic acid (HA) obtained by extraction from alginate on the incubation of roes and fry development in African cichlids, Labidochormis caeruleus, as well as their influence on the stabilization of the physicochemical parameters of water in an aquariu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10223718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240716 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051071 |
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author | Ondrašovičová, Silvia Zigo, František Gogoľa, Július Lacková, Zuzana Farkašová, Zuzana Arvaiová, Juliana Almášiová, Viera Rehan, Ibrahim F. |
author_facet | Ondrašovičová, Silvia Zigo, František Gogoľa, Július Lacková, Zuzana Farkašová, Zuzana Arvaiová, Juliana Almášiová, Viera Rehan, Ibrahim F. |
author_sort | Ondrašovičová, Silvia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this study was to compare the effect of humic acid (HA) obtained by extraction from alginate on the incubation of roes and fry development in African cichlids, Labidochormis caeruleus, as well as their influence on the stabilization of the physicochemical parameters of water in an aquarium during artificial breeding. The roes were obtained by extruding from a female buccal cavity immediately after fertilization. For the experiment, 4 groups of 40 roes were formed in an incubator with an artificial hatchery. Groups 1–3 were exposed to 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of HA, respectively. The control group C was not exposed to HA. In all groups, the mortality and size differences of the fry, as well as the temperature, pH, hardness, nitrite, and nitrate levels in the tanks, were determined during a 30-day monitoring period until the resorption of the yolk sac. The results of this study indicated the ability of HA in 5% and 10% concentrations to reduce nitrite and nitrate levels in the aquatic environment, which significantly reduced the mortality of roes and the survivability of the fry. The determination of the morphological measurements of the fry revealed an increased body length in the groups exposed to 5% and 10% HA concentrations compared to the control group by the end of the monitored period. It was also noted that the yolk sac was resorbed two days earlier in the same groups than in the control. Thus, the results showed that HAs are suitable for use in the artificial aquarium incubation of roes and fry development, which are increasingly exposed to adverse environmental factors. The knowledge obtained in this study and its transfer into practice can allow even less experienced aquarists to successfully breed aquarium fish species that could not normally be bred under artificial conditions without the addition of HA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10223718 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102237182023-05-28 The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding Ondrašovičová, Silvia Zigo, František Gogoľa, Július Lacková, Zuzana Farkašová, Zuzana Arvaiová, Juliana Almášiová, Viera Rehan, Ibrahim F. Life (Basel) Communication The aim of this study was to compare the effect of humic acid (HA) obtained by extraction from alginate on the incubation of roes and fry development in African cichlids, Labidochormis caeruleus, as well as their influence on the stabilization of the physicochemical parameters of water in an aquarium during artificial breeding. The roes were obtained by extruding from a female buccal cavity immediately after fertilization. For the experiment, 4 groups of 40 roes were formed in an incubator with an artificial hatchery. Groups 1–3 were exposed to 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of HA, respectively. The control group C was not exposed to HA. In all groups, the mortality and size differences of the fry, as well as the temperature, pH, hardness, nitrite, and nitrate levels in the tanks, were determined during a 30-day monitoring period until the resorption of the yolk sac. The results of this study indicated the ability of HA in 5% and 10% concentrations to reduce nitrite and nitrate levels in the aquatic environment, which significantly reduced the mortality of roes and the survivability of the fry. The determination of the morphological measurements of the fry revealed an increased body length in the groups exposed to 5% and 10% HA concentrations compared to the control group by the end of the monitored period. It was also noted that the yolk sac was resorbed two days earlier in the same groups than in the control. Thus, the results showed that HAs are suitable for use in the artificial aquarium incubation of roes and fry development, which are increasingly exposed to adverse environmental factors. The knowledge obtained in this study and its transfer into practice can allow even less experienced aquarists to successfully breed aquarium fish species that could not normally be bred under artificial conditions without the addition of HA. MDPI 2023-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10223718/ /pubmed/37240716 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051071 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Ondrašovičová, Silvia Zigo, František Gogoľa, Július Lacková, Zuzana Farkašová, Zuzana Arvaiová, Juliana Almášiová, Viera Rehan, Ibrahim F. The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding |
title | The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding |
title_full | The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding |
title_short | The Effects of Humic Acids on the Early Developmental Stages of African Cichlids during Artificial Breeding |
title_sort | effects of humic acids on the early developmental stages of african cichlids during artificial breeding |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10223718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37240716 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051071 |
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