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Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020

Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a notifiable disease associated with a high mortality rate in Thailand. The disease is highly endemic in northeast Thailand, while its prevalence in other parts of the country is poorly documented. This study aimed at improving the surveillance sy...

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Autores principales: Kaewrakmuk, Jedsada, Chusri, Sarunyou, Hortiwakul, Thanaporn, Kawila, Soontara, Patungkaro, Wichien, Jariyapradub, Benjamas, Limvorapan, Pattamas, Chiewchanyont, Bongkoch, Thananchai, Hathairat, Duangsonk, Kwanjit, Tuanyok, Apichai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10223873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37235334
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8050286
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author Kaewrakmuk, Jedsada
Chusri, Sarunyou
Hortiwakul, Thanaporn
Kawila, Soontara
Patungkaro, Wichien
Jariyapradub, Benjamas
Limvorapan, Pattamas
Chiewchanyont, Bongkoch
Thananchai, Hathairat
Duangsonk, Kwanjit
Tuanyok, Apichai
author_facet Kaewrakmuk, Jedsada
Chusri, Sarunyou
Hortiwakul, Thanaporn
Kawila, Soontara
Patungkaro, Wichien
Jariyapradub, Benjamas
Limvorapan, Pattamas
Chiewchanyont, Bongkoch
Thananchai, Hathairat
Duangsonk, Kwanjit
Tuanyok, Apichai
author_sort Kaewrakmuk, Jedsada
collection PubMed
description Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a notifiable disease associated with a high mortality rate in Thailand. The disease is highly endemic in northeast Thailand, while its prevalence in other parts of the country is poorly documented. This study aimed at improving the surveillance system for melioidosis in southern Thailand, where the disease was believed to be underreported. Two adjacent southern provinces, Songkhla and Phatthalung, were selected as the model provinces to study melioidosis. There were 473 individuals diagnosed with culture-confirmed melioidosis by clinical microbiology laboratories at four tertiary care hospitals in both provinces from January 2014 to December 2020. The median age was 54 years (IQR 41.5–64), 284 (60%) of the patients were adults ≥50 years of age, and 337 (71.2%) were male. We retrospectively analyzed 455 patients treated at either Songklanarind Hospital, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla Provincial Hospital, or Phatthalung Provincial Hospital, of whom 181 (39.8%) patients died. The median duration from admission to death was five days (IQR 2–17). Of the 455 patients, 272 (57.5%) had at least one clinical risk factor, and 188 (39.8%) had diabetes. Two major clinical manifestations, bacteremia and pneumonia, occurred in 274 (58.1%) and 166 (35.2%) patients, respectively. In most cases, 298 (75%) out of 395 local patients were associated with rainfall. Over the seven years of the study, the average annual incidence was 2.87 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI, 2.10 to 3.64). This study has confirmed that these two provinces of southern Thailand are endemic to melioidosis; even though the incidence rate is much lower than that of the Northeast, the mortality rate is comparably high.
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spelling pubmed-102238732023-05-28 Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020 Kaewrakmuk, Jedsada Chusri, Sarunyou Hortiwakul, Thanaporn Kawila, Soontara Patungkaro, Wichien Jariyapradub, Benjamas Limvorapan, Pattamas Chiewchanyont, Bongkoch Thananchai, Hathairat Duangsonk, Kwanjit Tuanyok, Apichai Trop Med Infect Dis Article Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a notifiable disease associated with a high mortality rate in Thailand. The disease is highly endemic in northeast Thailand, while its prevalence in other parts of the country is poorly documented. This study aimed at improving the surveillance system for melioidosis in southern Thailand, where the disease was believed to be underreported. Two adjacent southern provinces, Songkhla and Phatthalung, were selected as the model provinces to study melioidosis. There were 473 individuals diagnosed with culture-confirmed melioidosis by clinical microbiology laboratories at four tertiary care hospitals in both provinces from January 2014 to December 2020. The median age was 54 years (IQR 41.5–64), 284 (60%) of the patients were adults ≥50 years of age, and 337 (71.2%) were male. We retrospectively analyzed 455 patients treated at either Songklanarind Hospital, Hatyai Hospital, Songkhla Provincial Hospital, or Phatthalung Provincial Hospital, of whom 181 (39.8%) patients died. The median duration from admission to death was five days (IQR 2–17). Of the 455 patients, 272 (57.5%) had at least one clinical risk factor, and 188 (39.8%) had diabetes. Two major clinical manifestations, bacteremia and pneumonia, occurred in 274 (58.1%) and 166 (35.2%) patients, respectively. In most cases, 298 (75%) out of 395 local patients were associated with rainfall. Over the seven years of the study, the average annual incidence was 2.87 cases per 100,000 population (95% CI, 2.10 to 3.64). This study has confirmed that these two provinces of southern Thailand are endemic to melioidosis; even though the incidence rate is much lower than that of the Northeast, the mortality rate is comparably high. MDPI 2023-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10223873/ /pubmed/37235334 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8050286 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kaewrakmuk, Jedsada
Chusri, Sarunyou
Hortiwakul, Thanaporn
Kawila, Soontara
Patungkaro, Wichien
Jariyapradub, Benjamas
Limvorapan, Pattamas
Chiewchanyont, Bongkoch
Thananchai, Hathairat
Duangsonk, Kwanjit
Tuanyok, Apichai
Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020
title Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020
title_full Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020
title_fullStr Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020
title_full_unstemmed Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020
title_short Under-Reporting Cases and Deaths from Melioidosis: A Retrospective Finding in Songkhla and Phatthalung Province of Southern Thailand, 2014–2020
title_sort under-reporting cases and deaths from melioidosis: a retrospective finding in songkhla and phatthalung province of southern thailand, 2014–2020
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10223873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37235334
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8050286
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