Characterization of Non-Specific Uptake and Retention Mechanisms of [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in the Salivary Glands

The radionuclide therapy [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 was recently FDA-approved for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Salivary gland toxicity is currently considered as the main dose-limiting side effect. However, its uptake and retention mechanisms in the salivary glands remain elusive. Therefore, our aim was to elucidate the uptake patterns of [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in salivary gland tissue and cells by conducting cellular binding and autoradiography experiments. Briefly, A-253 and PC3-PIP cells, and mouse kidney and pig salivary gland tissue, were incubated with 5 nM [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to characterize its binding. Additionally, [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 was co-incubated with monosodium glutamate, ionotropic or metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. Low, non-specific binding was observed in salivary gland cells and tissues. Monosodium glutamate was able to decrease [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in PC3-PIP cells, mouse kidney and pig salivary gland tissue. Kynurenic acid (ionotropic antagonist) decreased the binding of [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to 29.2 ± 20.6% and 63.4 ± 15.4%, respectively, with similar effects observed on tissues. (RS)-MCPG (metabotropic antagonist) was able to decrease the [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 binding on A-253 cells to 68.2 ± 16.8% and pig salivary gland tissue to 53.1 ± 36.8%. To conclude, we showed that the non-specific binding on [(177)Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 could be reduced by monosodium glutamate, kynurenic acid and (RS)-MCPG.