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Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches

Melanin is an insoluble, amorphous polymer that forms planar sheets that aggregate naturally to create colloidal particles with several biological functions. Based on this, here, a preformed recombinant melanin (PRM) was utilized as the polymeric raw material to generate recombinant melanin nanopart...

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Autores principales: Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio, Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo, Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano, Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto, Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos, Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth, Gosset, Guillermo, Meneses-Acosta, Angélica
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10224555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37242955
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102381
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author Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio
Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo
Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano
Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto
Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos
Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth
Gosset, Guillermo
Meneses-Acosta, Angélica
author_facet Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio
Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo
Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano
Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto
Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos
Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth
Gosset, Guillermo
Meneses-Acosta, Angélica
author_sort Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio
collection PubMed
description Melanin is an insoluble, amorphous polymer that forms planar sheets that aggregate naturally to create colloidal particles with several biological functions. Based on this, here, a preformed recombinant melanin (PRM) was utilized as the polymeric raw material to generate recombinant melanin nanoparticles (RMNPs). These nanoparticles were prepared using bottom-up (nanocrystallization—NC, and double emulsion–solvent evaporation—DE) and top-down (high-pressure homogenization—HP) manufacturing approaches. The particle size, Z-potential, identity, stability, morphology, and solid-state properties were evaluated. RMNP biocompatibility was determined in human embryogenic kidney (HEK293) and human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKn) cell lines. RMNPs prepared by NC reached a particle size of 245.9 ± 31.5 nm and a Z-potential of −20.2 ± 1.56 mV; 253.1 ± 30.6 nm and −39.2 ± 0.56 mV compared to that obtained by DE, as well as RMNPs of 302.2 ± 69.9 nm and −38.6 ± 2.25 mV using HP. Spherical and solid nanostructures in the bottom-up approaches were observed; however, they were an irregular shape with a wide size distribution when the HP method was applied. Infrared (IR) spectra showed no changes in the chemical structure of the melanin after the manufacturing process but did exhibit an amorphous crystal rearrangement according to calorimetric and PXRD analysis. All RMNPs presented long stability in an aqueous suspension and resistance to being sterilized by wet steam and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed that RMNPs are safe up to 100 μg/mL. These findings open new possibilities for obtaining melanin nanoparticles with potential applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, and sun protection, among others.
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spelling pubmed-102245552023-05-28 Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth Gosset, Guillermo Meneses-Acosta, Angélica Polymers (Basel) Article Melanin is an insoluble, amorphous polymer that forms planar sheets that aggregate naturally to create colloidal particles with several biological functions. Based on this, here, a preformed recombinant melanin (PRM) was utilized as the polymeric raw material to generate recombinant melanin nanoparticles (RMNPs). These nanoparticles were prepared using bottom-up (nanocrystallization—NC, and double emulsion–solvent evaporation—DE) and top-down (high-pressure homogenization—HP) manufacturing approaches. The particle size, Z-potential, identity, stability, morphology, and solid-state properties were evaluated. RMNP biocompatibility was determined in human embryogenic kidney (HEK293) and human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKn) cell lines. RMNPs prepared by NC reached a particle size of 245.9 ± 31.5 nm and a Z-potential of −20.2 ± 1.56 mV; 253.1 ± 30.6 nm and −39.2 ± 0.56 mV compared to that obtained by DE, as well as RMNPs of 302.2 ± 69.9 nm and −38.6 ± 2.25 mV using HP. Spherical and solid nanostructures in the bottom-up approaches were observed; however, they were an irregular shape with a wide size distribution when the HP method was applied. Infrared (IR) spectra showed no changes in the chemical structure of the melanin after the manufacturing process but did exhibit an amorphous crystal rearrangement according to calorimetric and PXRD analysis. All RMNPs presented long stability in an aqueous suspension and resistance to being sterilized by wet steam and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed that RMNPs are safe up to 100 μg/mL. These findings open new possibilities for obtaining melanin nanoparticles with potential applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, and sun protection, among others. MDPI 2023-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10224555/ /pubmed/37242955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102381 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio
Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo
Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano
Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto
Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos
Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth
Gosset, Guillermo
Meneses-Acosta, Angélica
Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
title Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
title_full Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
title_fullStr Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
title_full_unstemmed Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
title_short Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
title_sort melanin nanoparticles obtained from preformed recombinant melanin by bottom-up and top-down approaches
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10224555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37242955
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102381
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