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Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
Melanin is an insoluble, amorphous polymer that forms planar sheets that aggregate naturally to create colloidal particles with several biological functions. Based on this, here, a preformed recombinant melanin (PRM) was utilized as the polymeric raw material to generate recombinant melanin nanopart...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10224555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37242955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102381 |
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author | Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth Gosset, Guillermo Meneses-Acosta, Angélica |
author_facet | Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth Gosset, Guillermo Meneses-Acosta, Angélica |
author_sort | Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Melanin is an insoluble, amorphous polymer that forms planar sheets that aggregate naturally to create colloidal particles with several biological functions. Based on this, here, a preformed recombinant melanin (PRM) was utilized as the polymeric raw material to generate recombinant melanin nanoparticles (RMNPs). These nanoparticles were prepared using bottom-up (nanocrystallization—NC, and double emulsion–solvent evaporation—DE) and top-down (high-pressure homogenization—HP) manufacturing approaches. The particle size, Z-potential, identity, stability, morphology, and solid-state properties were evaluated. RMNP biocompatibility was determined in human embryogenic kidney (HEK293) and human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKn) cell lines. RMNPs prepared by NC reached a particle size of 245.9 ± 31.5 nm and a Z-potential of −20.2 ± 1.56 mV; 253.1 ± 30.6 nm and −39.2 ± 0.56 mV compared to that obtained by DE, as well as RMNPs of 302.2 ± 69.9 nm and −38.6 ± 2.25 mV using HP. Spherical and solid nanostructures in the bottom-up approaches were observed; however, they were an irregular shape with a wide size distribution when the HP method was applied. Infrared (IR) spectra showed no changes in the chemical structure of the melanin after the manufacturing process but did exhibit an amorphous crystal rearrangement according to calorimetric and PXRD analysis. All RMNPs presented long stability in an aqueous suspension and resistance to being sterilized by wet steam and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed that RMNPs are safe up to 100 μg/mL. These findings open new possibilities for obtaining melanin nanoparticles with potential applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, and sun protection, among others. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10224555 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102245552023-05-28 Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth Gosset, Guillermo Meneses-Acosta, Angélica Polymers (Basel) Article Melanin is an insoluble, amorphous polymer that forms planar sheets that aggregate naturally to create colloidal particles with several biological functions. Based on this, here, a preformed recombinant melanin (PRM) was utilized as the polymeric raw material to generate recombinant melanin nanoparticles (RMNPs). These nanoparticles were prepared using bottom-up (nanocrystallization—NC, and double emulsion–solvent evaporation—DE) and top-down (high-pressure homogenization—HP) manufacturing approaches. The particle size, Z-potential, identity, stability, morphology, and solid-state properties were evaluated. RMNP biocompatibility was determined in human embryogenic kidney (HEK293) and human epidermal keratinocyte (HEKn) cell lines. RMNPs prepared by NC reached a particle size of 245.9 ± 31.5 nm and a Z-potential of −20.2 ± 1.56 mV; 253.1 ± 30.6 nm and −39.2 ± 0.56 mV compared to that obtained by DE, as well as RMNPs of 302.2 ± 69.9 nm and −38.6 ± 2.25 mV using HP. Spherical and solid nanostructures in the bottom-up approaches were observed; however, they were an irregular shape with a wide size distribution when the HP method was applied. Infrared (IR) spectra showed no changes in the chemical structure of the melanin after the manufacturing process but did exhibit an amorphous crystal rearrangement according to calorimetric and PXRD analysis. All RMNPs presented long stability in an aqueous suspension and resistance to being sterilized by wet steam and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Finally, cytotoxicity assays showed that RMNPs are safe up to 100 μg/mL. These findings open new possibilities for obtaining melanin nanoparticles with potential applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, and sun protection, among others. MDPI 2023-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10224555/ /pubmed/37242955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102381 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Alcalá-Alcalá, Sergio Casarrubias-Anacleto, José Eduardo Mondragón-Guillén, Maximiliano Tavira-Montalvan, Carlos Alberto Bonilla-Hernández, Marcos Gómez-Galicia, Diana Lizbeth Gosset, Guillermo Meneses-Acosta, Angélica Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches |
title | Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches |
title_full | Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches |
title_fullStr | Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches |
title_full_unstemmed | Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches |
title_short | Melanin Nanoparticles Obtained from Preformed Recombinant Melanin by Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches |
title_sort | melanin nanoparticles obtained from preformed recombinant melanin by bottom-up and top-down approaches |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10224555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37242955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102381 |
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