Bioinspired design of Na-ion conduction channels in covalent organic frameworks for quasi-solid-state sodium batteries

Solid polymer electrolytes are considered among the most promising candidates for developing practical solid-state sodium batteries. However, moderate ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical windows hinder their further application. Herein, inspired by the Na(+)/K(+) conduction in biological membranes, we report a (–COO(–))-modified covalent organic framework (COF) as a Na-ion quasi-solid-state electrolyte with sub-nanometre-sized Na(+) transport zones (6.7–11.6 Å) created by adjacent –COO(–) groups and COF inwalls. The quasi-solid-state electrolyte enables selective Na(+) transport along specific areas that are electronegative with sub-nanometre dimensions, resulting in a Na(+) conductivity of 1.30×10(–4) S cm(–1) and oxidative stability of up to 5.32 V (versus Na(+)/Na) at 25 ± 1 °C. Testing the quasi-solid-state electrolyte in Na||Na(3)V(2)(PO(4))(3) coin cell configuration demonstrates fast reaction dynamics, low polarization voltages, and a stable cycling performance over 1000 cycles at 60 mA g(–1) and 25 ± 1 °C with a 0.0048% capacity decay per cycle and a final discharge capacity of 83.5 mAh g(−1).