Efectos del decúbito prono en síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo secundario a COVID-19: experiencia en un hospital de alta complejidad

INTRODUCTION: The use of protective mechanical ventilation and prone position was recommended for the management of moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19, as a result of its reported utility on oxygenation and mortality. Our objective is to describe gasometric and mechanical behavior in subjects with ARDS due to COVID-19 managed with protective mechanical ventilation and prone position in a high complexity hospital. METHOD: Observational study. Subjects ≥18 years of age with ARDS due to COVID-19 were included. Protective mechanical ventilation was started from the first connection to invasive ventilation, while the prone position started with PaO(2)/FIO(2) 150. Follow-up was performed during and after the prone position. A descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics and comparison of means between groups was performed using the Dunn and Friedman test. Statistical significance corresponds to p 0.05 in all analyses. RESULTS: 74 subjects were studied, 58% correspond to men with a mean age of 60 years. There is evidence of a significant increase in arterial oxygenation assessed by PaO(2) (76 to 98 mmHg, p 0.05) and PaO(2)/FIO(2) (100 to 161, p 0.05) during the first hour of treatment, with stability of values beyond 48 hours after supination. Pulmonary mechanics values remain constant within the established protection range (p = 0,18). CONCLUSION: The strategy of protective mechanical ventilation and prone position for 48 or more hours, in subjects with moderate to severe ARDS due to COVID-19, improves and maintains arterial oxygenation up to 48 hours after supination.