Cargando…
Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory
Plants produce diverse chemical defenses with contrasting effects on different insect herbivores. Deploying herbivore‐specific responses can help plants increase their defensive efficiency. Here, we explore how variation in induced plant responses correlates with herbivore species, order, feeding gu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10225982/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37255847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10123 |
_version_ | 1785050490449428480 |
---|---|
author | Mezzomo, Priscila Weinhold, Alexander Aurová, Klára Jorge, Leonardo R. Kozel, Petr Michálek, Jan Nováková, Nela Seifert, Carlo L. Volfová, Tereza Engström, Marica Salminen, Juha‐Pekka Sedio, Brian E. Volf, Martin |
author_facet | Mezzomo, Priscila Weinhold, Alexander Aurová, Klára Jorge, Leonardo R. Kozel, Petr Michálek, Jan Nováková, Nela Seifert, Carlo L. Volfová, Tereza Engström, Marica Salminen, Juha‐Pekka Sedio, Brian E. Volf, Martin |
author_sort | Mezzomo, Priscila |
collection | PubMed |
description | Plants produce diverse chemical defenses with contrasting effects on different insect herbivores. Deploying herbivore‐specific responses can help plants increase their defensive efficiency. Here, we explore how variation in induced plant responses correlates with herbivore species, order, feeding guild, and level of specialization. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed 149 plants of Salix fragilis (Linnaeus, 1753) to 22 herbivore species naturally associated with this host. The insects belonged to four orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera), three feeding guilds (external leaf‐chewers, leaf‐tying chewers, and sap‐sucking), and included both dietary specialists and generalists. Following herbivory, we quantified induced changes in volatiles and nonvolatile leaf metabolites. We performed multivariate analyses to assess the correlation between herbivore order, feeding guild, dietary specialization, chewing damage by herbivores, and induced responses. The volatile composition was best explained by chewing damage and insect order, with Coleoptera and Lepidoptera eliciting significantly different responses. Furthermore, we recorded significant differences in elicited volatiles among some species within the two orders. Variation in nonvolatile leaf metabolites was mainly explained by the presence of insects, as plants exposed to herbivores showed significantly different metabolites from controls. Herbivore order also played a role to some extent, with beetles eliciting different responses than other herbivores. The induction of volatile and nonvolatile leaf metabolites shows different levels of specificity. The specificity in volatiles could potentially serve as an important cue to specialized predators or parasitoids, increasing the efficacy of volatiles as indirect defenses. By contrast, the induction of nonvolatile leaf metabolites was largely unaffected by herbivore identity. Most nonvolatile metabolites were downregulated, possibly indicating that plants redirected their resources from leaves in response to herbivory. Our results demonstrate how diverse responses to herbivores can contribute to the diversity of plant defensive strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10225982 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-102259822023-05-30 Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory Mezzomo, Priscila Weinhold, Alexander Aurová, Klára Jorge, Leonardo R. Kozel, Petr Michálek, Jan Nováková, Nela Seifert, Carlo L. Volfová, Tereza Engström, Marica Salminen, Juha‐Pekka Sedio, Brian E. Volf, Martin Ecol Evol Research Articles Plants produce diverse chemical defenses with contrasting effects on different insect herbivores. Deploying herbivore‐specific responses can help plants increase their defensive efficiency. Here, we explore how variation in induced plant responses correlates with herbivore species, order, feeding guild, and level of specialization. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed 149 plants of Salix fragilis (Linnaeus, 1753) to 22 herbivore species naturally associated with this host. The insects belonged to four orders (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera), three feeding guilds (external leaf‐chewers, leaf‐tying chewers, and sap‐sucking), and included both dietary specialists and generalists. Following herbivory, we quantified induced changes in volatiles and nonvolatile leaf metabolites. We performed multivariate analyses to assess the correlation between herbivore order, feeding guild, dietary specialization, chewing damage by herbivores, and induced responses. The volatile composition was best explained by chewing damage and insect order, with Coleoptera and Lepidoptera eliciting significantly different responses. Furthermore, we recorded significant differences in elicited volatiles among some species within the two orders. Variation in nonvolatile leaf metabolites was mainly explained by the presence of insects, as plants exposed to herbivores showed significantly different metabolites from controls. Herbivore order also played a role to some extent, with beetles eliciting different responses than other herbivores. The induction of volatile and nonvolatile leaf metabolites shows different levels of specificity. The specificity in volatiles could potentially serve as an important cue to specialized predators or parasitoids, increasing the efficacy of volatiles as indirect defenses. By contrast, the induction of nonvolatile leaf metabolites was largely unaffected by herbivore identity. Most nonvolatile metabolites were downregulated, possibly indicating that plants redirected their resources from leaves in response to herbivory. Our results demonstrate how diverse responses to herbivores can contribute to the diversity of plant defensive strategies. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10225982/ /pubmed/37255847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10123 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Mezzomo, Priscila Weinhold, Alexander Aurová, Klára Jorge, Leonardo R. Kozel, Petr Michálek, Jan Nováková, Nela Seifert, Carlo L. Volfová, Tereza Engström, Marica Salminen, Juha‐Pekka Sedio, Brian E. Volf, Martin Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
title | Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
title_full | Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
title_fullStr | Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
title_full_unstemmed | Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
title_short | Leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
title_sort | leaf volatile and nonvolatile metabolites show different levels of specificity in response to herbivory |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10225982/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37255847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10123 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mezzomopriscila leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT weinholdalexander leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT aurovaklara leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT jorgeleonardor leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT kozelpetr leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT michalekjan leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT novakovanela leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT seifertcarlol leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT volfovatereza leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT engstrommarica leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT salminenjuhapekka leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT sediobriane leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory AT volfmartin leafvolatileandnonvolatilemetabolitesshowdifferentlevelsofspecificityinresponsetoherbivory |