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High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a condition in which replication-competent viral DNA is detected in the liver (with detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in serum) of individual testing negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). It is a risk factor for transfusion or transplant transmi...

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Autores principales: Wang, Chengwei, Xue, Rongrong, Wang, Xinru, Xiao, Li, Xian, Jianchun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37260698
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1186877
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author Wang, Chengwei
Xue, Rongrong
Wang, Xinru
Xiao, Li
Xian, Jianchun
author_facet Wang, Chengwei
Xue, Rongrong
Wang, Xinru
Xiao, Li
Xian, Jianchun
author_sort Wang, Chengwei
collection PubMed
description Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a condition in which replication-competent viral DNA is detected in the liver (with detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in serum) of individual testing negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). It is a risk factor for transfusion or transplant transmission, reactivation after immunosuppression or chemotherapy, and progression of chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis. The long-term stable presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is fully replicative in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes is the molecular basis for the formation of OBI. HBV genome in liver tissue, HBV DNA and anti-HBc test in serum are the gold standard, common method and alternative markers for OBI diagnosis, respectively. Due to the stability of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the long half-life of hepatocytes, the existence of OBI is extensive and prolonged. The low and/or intermittent replication of HBV in OBI patients, the limitations of the sensitivity of serological tests, and the non-standardized and invasive nature of liver histology render the “commonly used” serological tests are unreliable and the “gold standard” liver histology is impractical, thus the findings from studies on the formation, diagnosis and transplantation or transfusion transmission of HBV in OBI strongly suggest that the “alternative” marker, the anti-HBc test, may be the most reliable and practical approach for OBI diagnosis.
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spelling pubmed-102274322023-05-31 High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable Wang, Chengwei Xue, Rongrong Wang, Xinru Xiao, Li Xian, Jianchun Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is a condition in which replication-competent viral DNA is detected in the liver (with detectable or undetectable HBV DNA in serum) of individual testing negative for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). It is a risk factor for transfusion or transplant transmission, reactivation after immunosuppression or chemotherapy, and progression of chronic liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis. The long-term stable presence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is fully replicative in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes is the molecular basis for the formation of OBI. HBV genome in liver tissue, HBV DNA and anti-HBc test in serum are the gold standard, common method and alternative markers for OBI diagnosis, respectively. Due to the stability of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the long half-life of hepatocytes, the existence of OBI is extensive and prolonged. The low and/or intermittent replication of HBV in OBI patients, the limitations of the sensitivity of serological tests, and the non-standardized and invasive nature of liver histology render the “commonly used” serological tests are unreliable and the “gold standard” liver histology is impractical, thus the findings from studies on the formation, diagnosis and transplantation or transfusion transmission of HBV in OBI strongly suggest that the “alternative” marker, the anti-HBc test, may be the most reliable and practical approach for OBI diagnosis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10227432/ /pubmed/37260698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1186877 Text en Copyright © 2023 Wang, Xue, Wang, Xiao and Xian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Wang, Chengwei
Xue, Rongrong
Wang, Xinru
Xiao, Li
Xian, Jianchun
High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable
title High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable
title_full High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable
title_fullStr High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable
title_full_unstemmed High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable
title_short High-sensitivity HBV DNA test for the diagnosis of occult HBV infection: commonly used but not reliable
title_sort high-sensitivity hbv dna test for the diagnosis of occult hbv infection: commonly used but not reliable
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37260698
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1186877
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