Neonatal perioperative resuscitation (NePOR) protocol-An update

Unexpected cardiac arrest in the perioperative period is a devastating complication. Owing to immaturity of organ systems, and presence of congenital malformations, morbidity and mortality are higher in neonates. There is abundant literature about early recognition and management of perioperative adverse events in children, but similar data and guidelines for surgical neonates is lacking. The current neonatal resuscitation guidelines cater to a newborn requiring resuscitation at the time of birth in the delivery room. The concerns in a newborn undergoing transition from intrauterine to extra uterine life is significantly different from a neonate undergoing surgery. This review highlights the causes and factors responsible for peri-arrest situations in neonates in the perioperative period, suggests preoperative surveillance for prevention of these conditions, and finally presents the resuscitation protocol of the surgical neonate. All these are comprehensively proposed as Neonatal Peri-operative Resuscitation (NePOR) protocol.