Mönckeberg's Disease With Calcified Lower Limb Ischemia in Saudi Arabia: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Mönckeberg's disease, a rare medial calcific arteriosclerosis, predominantly affects lower extremity arteries with an unclear etiology. If untreated, severe complications like ischemic necrosis and gangrene may arise. We present a case of a 28-year-old male with spontaneous lower limb swelling, abscess, and itching. Despite a history of deep vein thrombosis and warfarin therapy, Mönckeberg's disease was suspected. Imaging revealed diffuse vascular calcification of the media of the arterial wall bilaterally in the right and left femoral vessels with heterogenous irregular soft tissue collection in the right with suspected infection. Following treatment, the patient's symptoms improved, and follow-up imaging showed resolution of fluid collections and improved calcification appearance. This report highlights the importance of considering Mönckeberg's disease in the differential diagnosis of lower extremity swelling and the need for timely management to prevent serious complications.