Contribution of local and surrounding anthropogenic emissions to a particulate matter pollution episode in Zhengzhou, Henan, China

In this study, we simulated the spatial and temporal processes of a particulate matter (PM) pollution episode from December 10–29, 2019, in Zhengzhou, the provincial capital of Henan, China, which has a large population and severe PM pollution. As winter is the high incidence period of particulate pollution, winter statistical data were selected from the pollutant observation stations in the study area. During this period, the highest concentrations of PM(2.5) (atmospheric PM with a diameter of less than 2.5 µm) and PM(10) (atmospheric PM with a diameter of less than 10 µm) peaked at 283 μg m(-3) and 316 μg m(-3), respectively. The contribution rates of local and surrounding regional emissions within Henan (emissions from the regions to the south, northwest, and northeast of Zhengzhou) to PM concentrations in Zhengzhou were quantitatively analyzed based on the regional Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem). Model evaluation showed that the WRF/Chem can accurately simulate the spatial and temporal variations in the PM concentrations in Zhengzhou. We found that the anthropogenic emissions south of Zhengzhou were the main causes of high PM concentrations during the studied episode, with contribution rates of 14.39% and 16.34% to PM(2.5) and PM(10), respectively. The contributions of anthropogenic emissions from Zhengzhou to the PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations in Zhengzhou were 7.94% and 7.29%, respectively. The contributions of anthropogenic emissions from the area northeast of Zhengzhou to the PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations in Zhengzhou were 7.42% and 7.18%, respectively. These two areas had similar contributions to PM pollution in Zhengzhou. The area northeast of Zhengzhou had the lowest contributions to the PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations in Zhengzhou (5.96% and 5.40%, respectively).