Cargando…

Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all

The morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of the polymorphic and cannibalistic giant forming Tetmemena polymorpha n. sp., found in a brackish water sample in South Korea, were investigated. The present species has long been misidentified as “Oxytricha bifaria.” The new investigation shows...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Omar, Atef, Jang, Seok Won, Jung, Jae-Ho
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37266009
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159634
_version_ 1785051377803722752
author Omar, Atef
Jang, Seok Won
Jung, Jae-Ho
author_facet Omar, Atef
Jang, Seok Won
Jung, Jae-Ho
author_sort Omar, Atef
collection PubMed
description The morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of the polymorphic and cannibalistic giant forming Tetmemena polymorpha n. sp., found in a brackish water sample in South Korea, were investigated. The present species has long been misidentified as “Oxytricha bifaria.” The new investigation shows that the species produces three morphologically different morphs. The small morph is bacterivorous and characterized by its small body size and slim body and it is found only in the stationary and decline phases of the culture. The large morph has a wide body, larger oral apparatus, and feeds on small eukaryotes such as yeast cells and small ciliates. It divides very quickly and produces the other two morphs and found in the exponential phase of the cultures. The giant morph is characterized by its huge body and oral apparatus. It feeds on the small morph cells of the same species and other ciliates, and occurs together with the small morph. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences show that the new species is placed in a sister subclade to that containing other Tetmemena sequences. Moreover, Tetmemena indica Bharti et al., 2019 nov. stat. is raised to species level based on the differences in the cyst morphology and the dorsal ciliature to the authoritative Tetmemena pustulata population.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10229871
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-102298712023-06-01 Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all Omar, Atef Jang, Seok Won Jung, Jae-Ho Front Microbiol Microbiology The morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of the polymorphic and cannibalistic giant forming Tetmemena polymorpha n. sp., found in a brackish water sample in South Korea, were investigated. The present species has long been misidentified as “Oxytricha bifaria.” The new investigation shows that the species produces three morphologically different morphs. The small morph is bacterivorous and characterized by its small body size and slim body and it is found only in the stationary and decline phases of the culture. The large morph has a wide body, larger oral apparatus, and feeds on small eukaryotes such as yeast cells and small ciliates. It divides very quickly and produces the other two morphs and found in the exponential phase of the cultures. The giant morph is characterized by its huge body and oral apparatus. It feeds on the small morph cells of the same species and other ciliates, and occurs together with the small morph. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences show that the new species is placed in a sister subclade to that containing other Tetmemena sequences. Moreover, Tetmemena indica Bharti et al., 2019 nov. stat. is raised to species level based on the differences in the cyst morphology and the dorsal ciliature to the authoritative Tetmemena pustulata population. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10229871/ /pubmed/37266009 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159634 Text en Copyright © 2023 Omar, Jang and Jung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Omar, Atef
Jang, Seok Won
Jung, Jae-Ho
Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all
title Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all
title_full Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all
title_fullStr Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all
title_full_unstemmed Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all
title_short Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all
title_sort polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (ciliophora, hypotricha) to rule them all
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37266009
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159634
work_keys_str_mv AT omaratef polymorphismgigantismandcannibalismonestylonychidciliateciliophorahypotrichatorulethemall
AT jangseokwon polymorphismgigantismandcannibalismonestylonychidciliateciliophorahypotrichatorulethemall
AT jungjaeho polymorphismgigantismandcannibalismonestylonychidciliateciliophorahypotrichatorulethemall